The present invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of a peptidomimetic ligand, e.g. LLP2A, conjugated with a bisphosphonate drug, e.g. Alendronate. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are useful in the treatment of osteoporosis and for the promotion of bone growth due to their specificity for the .sub.4.sub.1 integrin on mesenchymal stem cells and for the surface of bone.

The present invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of a peptidomimetic ligand, e.g. LLP2A, conjugated with a bisphosphonate drug, e.g. Alendronate. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are useful in the treatment of osteoporosis and for the promotion of bone growth due to their specificity for the .sub.4.sub.1 integrin on mesenchymal stem cells and for the surface of bone.

The present invention relates to a ligand compound, a catalyst system for oligomerization of olefins, and a method for oligomerization of olefins using the catalyst system. The catalyst system for oligomerization of olefins according to the present invention not only has excellent catalytic activity, but also exhibits high selectivity to 1-hexene or 1-octene, thus enabling more efficient preparation of alpha-olefin.

The instant disclosure relates to phosphorus-containing compounds that can be used to form flame retardant phosphorus-containing resins, and also can serve as a hardener for a flame retardant epoxy resin compositions. In particular, the phosphorus-containing compounds are modified with acyloxy groups (O(CO)R), as shown below. Incorporation of the acyloxy groups results in resins that are water resistant and exhibit improved dielectric properties. ##STR00001##

Exemplary olfactory delivery scaffolds may include 1) an olfactory targeting component, stimulant, or odorant that is recognized by the olfactory nerves via, for example, a smell response, 2) a molecule with biological activity, a therapeutic component, and/or drug (sometimes collectively referred to herein as a therapeutic component), and 3) a linker component that links the olfactory targeting component and therapeutic component together. The olfactory delivery scaffolds may be used to deliver a molecule with biological activity and/or a therapeutic component to a subject's neurological system through the olfactory pathway and pharmaceutical compositions useful in the treatment of neurological and/or neurodegenerative diseases.

A 1,4-dioxane solvate of lithium difluoro bis(oxalato)phosphate, a method for preparing the same, and an electrolyte composition containing the same are disclosed. The 1,4-dioxane solvate of lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate has excellent crystallinity and filterability, so that a compound with high purity can be obtained in high yield. Further, since it has excellent stability against moisture, its distribution and storage are easy and the stability of the composition containing 1,4-dioxane solvate of lithium difluoro bis(oxalato)phosphate can be greatly improved.

Provided are a compound of formula 0, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, a geometric isomer thereof, an enantiomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof, a racemate thereof, a polymorph thereof, a solvate thereof, a hydrate thereof, an N-oxide thereof, an isotopically labeled compound thereof, a metabolite thereof, an ester thereof, a prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In formula 0, ring B is a 5- to 10-membered spiro ring or a 5- to 10-membered spiro heterocyclic ring. The 5- to 10-membered spiro ring and the 5- to 10-membered spiro heterocyclic ring are optionally substituted with 1-5 R.sup.1F. The compound can significantly weaken the integrated stress response (ISR) of cells and activate the activity of eIF2B, so that proteins in the cells tend to be synthesized normally.

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