The present disclosure relates to a ligand compound, a catalyst system for oligomerization, and a method for olefin oligomerization using the same. The catalyst system for oligomerization using the ligand compound according to the present disclosure has excellent catalytic activity, exhibits high selectivity to 1-hexene and 1-octene, and greatly reduces the production of the by-products, thereby enabling efficient preparation of alpha-olefin.

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst system comprising i) (a) an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine chromium salt or (b) a chromium salt and an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine and ii) an organoaluminum compound. The present disclosure also relate to a process comprising: a) contacting i) ethylene; ii) a catalyst system comprising (a) an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine chromium salt complex or (b) a chromium salt and an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine; ii) an organoaluminum compound, and iii) optionally an organic reaction medium; and b) forming an oligomer product in a reaction zone.

The invention relates to a one-pot method for preparing oxido (tetraalkoxido) tungsten compounds according to the general formula [W(O)(OR).sub.4] (I), originating from WCl.sub.6, hexamethyldisiloxane, an alcohol ROH and an amine or NH.sub.3 gas. The invention further relates to the use of a compounds [W(O)(OR).sub.4] (I) and to a substrate which has on one surface a tungsten layer or a layer containing tungsten which are suitable for producing photovoltaic elements, semiconductor elements or car exhaust catalytic converters. The method permits the preparation of defined products in a simple, cost-effective and reproducible manner in high purity and good to very good yields.

Described herein are IC devices that include molybdenum or a molybdenum compound, such as compounds including oxygen or nitrogen. The molybdenum may be deposited at a high concentration, e.g., at least 50% atomic density. Also described herein are mid-valent molybdenum precursors for depositing molybdenum, and reactions for producing the mid-valent molybdenum precursors. For example, the molybdenum precursors may be generated by reacting a higher-valent molybdenum compound with an amidinate or a formamidinate.

Protected aerospace components are provided and contain a nanolaminate film stack disposed on a surface of an aerospace component, where the nanolaminate film stack comprises alternating layers of a chromium-containing layer and a second deposited layer. The chromium-containing layer can include metallic chromium, chromium oxide, chromium nitride, chromium carbide, chromium silicide, or any combination thereof.

Disclosed are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system having i) a chromium component comprising an N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N.sup.2-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, an N.sup.2-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, or any combination thereof, and ii) an aluminoxane. Ethylene can be contacted with an organic reaction medium to form an ethylene feedstock mixture prior to contact with the catalyst system. The ethylene feedstock mixture can be contacted with the catalyst system inside or outside of the reaction zone.

Disclosed are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an ethylene oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system comprising (a) a chromium component comprising an N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N.sup.2-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, an N.sup.2-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, or any combination thereof, and (b) an aluminoxane. A C.sub.3+ olefin can be present in the reaction zone for a period of time, where the C.sub.3+ olefin is not an ethylene oligomer formed in-situ within the reaction zone.

Provided are compositions comprising isotactic polyethers. Methods of making isotactic polyethers, and uses thereof are also disclosed. Also provided are bimetallic complexes that can be used as catalyst. Methods of making isotactic polyethers and bimetallic complexes and uses thereof are also disclosed. For example, a racemic bimetallic (salalen)CrCl polymerization catalyst was prepared and used alkyl diol, PO-oligomer triols, and aPPO and PCL diols as CSAs in order to produce α,ω-hydroxy telechelic iPPO. These telechelic polymers have controlled molecular weights and are semicrystalline. Amorphous α,ω-hydroxy telechelic PPO can also be produced by increasing the reaction temperature in conjunction with the use of CSAs.

A method of forming a thin film on a substrate which includes a step of contacting a surface with a precursor compound having a transition metal and one or more alkyl-1,3-diazabutadiene ligands is provided. The resulting modified surface is then contacted with an activating compound.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.