Novel bidentate ligands of general formula (I) are described. In formula (I), A and B each independently represent a linking group; and R represents a hydrocarbyl aromatic structure. The substituent(s) Y.sup.i on the aromatic structure together have a total number Σt.sub.i of atoms other than hydrogen such that Σt.sub.i is greater than or equal to 4, wherein t.sub.i represents the number of atoms other than hydrogen on a particular substituent Y.sup.i. i ranges from 1 to n; and n is the total number of substituent(s) Y.sup.i. The groups X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are joined via tertiary carbon atoms to the respective atom Q.sup.2 or Q.sup.1. Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 each independently represent phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony. A catalyst system and a process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds utilizing the catalyst system are also described. ##STR00001##

Novel bidentate ligands of general formula (I) are described. In formula (I), A and B each independently represent a linking group; and R represents a hydrocarbyl aromatic structure. The substituent(s) Y.sup.i on the aromatic structure together have a total number Σt.sub.i of atoms other than hydrogen such that Σt.sub.i is greater than or equal to 4, wherein t.sub.i represents the number of atoms other than hydrogen on a particular substituent Y.sup.i. i ranges from 1 to n; and n is the total number of substituent(s) Y.sup.i. The groups X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are joined via tertiary carbon atoms to the respective atom Q.sup.2 or Q.sup.1. Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 each independently represent phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony. A catalyst system and a process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds utilizing the catalyst system are also described. ##STR00001##

Disclosed is a novel compound represented by formula (1) below. In the formula, A represents an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocyclic group, B represents a group including a chain of one to four pieces of one or more groups selected from groups represented by specific formulae (B-1) to (B-13) (such as —C═C— or —N═N—, specifically see the description), R1 to R3 each represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy group, at least one of R1 to R3 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbonoxy group, R4 and R5 each represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, R4 and R5 may be linked together to form a ring, and R4 and R5 may be each independently linked with A to form a ring ##STR00001##

Disclosed is a novel compound represented by formula (1) below. In the formula, A represents an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocyclic group, B represents a group including a chain of one to four pieces of one or more groups selected from groups represented by specific formulae (B-1) to (B-13) (such as —C═C— or —N═N—, specifically see the description), R1 to R3 each represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy group, at least one of R1 to R3 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbonoxy group, R4 and R5 each represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, R4 and R5 may be linked together to form a ring, and R4 and R5 may be each independently linked with A to form a ring ##STR00001##

A compound, e g a diamine ligand, represented by the following general formula (1): (Formula (1)) wherein each * represents an asymmetric carbon atom; X represents a group selected from one of an ester (e.g. a t-butyl ester); a thioester; an amide; a heterocyclic moiety (e.g. a five-membered heterocyclic ring) comprising one or more of O, S, Se, and/or P (e.g. a furan, a tetrahydrofuran, a thiophene, an isoxazole, a bromo-furan, or a thiazole); a moiety (e.g. a five-membered heterocyclic ring) comprising a nitrogen atom, wherein the nitrogen atom is protected with a protecting group containing an electron-withdrawing group, preferably the protecting group is selected from one of a carbamate protecting group, an amide protecting group, an aryl sulphonamide protecting group, or an alkyl sulphonamide protecting group; and optionally X may additionally comprise a solid support, e.g. a polymeric or a silica particle; Y represents or is CtT′T″ where ‘t’ is 0 or 1 and when ‘t’ is 1 T′ and T″ may individually represent a substituent, e.g. if t is 1, T′ and/or T″ may each be hydrogen or deuterium atom, or a halogen atom; for example, Y may represent a carbon atom comprising two further substituents; Z represents a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom; R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group (e.g. a functionalised alkyl group) preferably having between 1 to 100 carbon atoms, for example, between 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g. 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms), a halogenated alkyl group preferably having between 1 to 100 carbon atoms (e.g. CF.sub.3), for example, between 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g. 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms), an aryl group preferably having between 5 to 100 carbon atoms, e.g. 6 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having one or more substituents selected from alkyl groups preferably having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, e.g. 1 to 10 carbon atoms, halogenated alkyl groups preferably having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, e.g. 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and/or halogen atoms; or R.sup.1 represents a solid support, e.g. a silica particle or a polymeric particle; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent a group selected from alkyl groups preferably having between 1 to 100 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 20 carbon atoms (e.g. 1 to 10 carbon atoms), aryl groups (e.g. phenyl groups), and cycloalkyl groups preferably having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, the aryl group or phenyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from alkyl groups preferably having between 1 to 100 carbon atoms, e.g. between 1 to 20 carbon atoms (e.g. 1 to 10 carbon atoms), alkoxy groups preferably having between 1 to 100 carbon atoms, for example, between 1

A compound according to Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently selected from optionally substituted C.sub.1-6-alkyl and optionally substituted aryl; R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, optionally substituted C.sub.1-6-alkyl, and optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; and R.sup.7 is a phosphorus containing moiety, wherein a phosphorus atom is bonded to Au.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a formic acid including, a first step of allowing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to react with each other in a solution containing a solvent and a catalyst dissolved in the solvent and in the presence of an amine insoluble in the solvent, and allowing a generated formic acid to adsorb to the amine, in which the catalyst contains at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of metal elements belonging to Groups 8, 9, and 10 of a periodic table and the amine is an amine immobilized on a solid.

The present invention relates to a novel metal complex, a method for producing same, and a method for producing a gamma-lactam compound using same, and the metal complex according to the present invention is used as a catalyst for producing a gamma-lactam compound and can efficiently produce a gamma-lactam compound with an excellent yield and excellent selectivity.