In some embodiments, the present invention provides amphiphilic nanosheets that comprise lamellar crystals with at least two regions: a first hydrophilic region, and a second hydrophobic region. In some embodiments, the amphiphilic nanosheets of the present invention also comprise a plurality of functional groups that are appended to the lamellar crystals. In some embodiments, the functional groups are hydrophobic functional groups that are appended to the second region of the lamellar crystals. In some embodiments, the lamellar crystals comprise -zirconium phosphates. Additional embodiments of the present invention pertain to methods of making the aforementioned amphiphilic nanosheets. Such methods generally comprise appending one or more functional groups to a stack of lamellar crystals; and exfoliating the stack of lamellar crystals for form the amphiphilic nanosheets.

Europium doped tin perovskites useful in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices exhibiting improved stability and high-power conversion efficiencies and perovskite precursor solutions used to prepare the europium doped tin perovskite, wherein the europium doped tin perovskite can be represented by Formula 1:

(A.sup.+)(Sn.sup.2+)(X.sup.).sub.3.Math.m[(Eu.sup.2+)(Y.sup.).sub.2]1 wherein m is 0.001-0.05; X.sup. for each instance is independently F.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., or I.sup.; Y.sup. for each instance is independently F.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., or I.sup.; and A.sup.+ is Cs.sup.+, Rb.sup.+, CH.sub.3NH.sub.3.sup.+, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2NH.sub.3.sup.+, H(CNH.sub.2)NH.sub.2.sup.+, Me(CNH.sub.2)NH.sub.2.sup.+, or a mixture thereof.

A process for producing a layer of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material including the following steps: a) Forming of a layer comprising the inorganic precursors of perovskite material on a substrate by CSS or CSVTD, b) Implementation of a CSS or CSVTD step from organic precursors the organic precursors with the layer of inorganic precursors and a layer of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material is obtained.

A method for preparing glutaryl-bridged bis-biogenic guanidine chelate (GbG)MX.sub.2 including contacting biogenic guanidine (G) with glutaryl chloride in DMSO solvent for an acylation reaction, to yield glutaryl-bridged bis-biogenic guanidine GbG (G-b-G), and mixing the glutaryl-bridged bis-biogenic guanidine GbG as a chelating ligand and a non-toxic metal salt MX.sub.2 in an amphiphilic mixed solvent DMSO-H.sub.2O for a ligand addition reaction, to yield glutaryl-bridged bis-biogenic guanidine chelate (GbG)MX.sub.2. The biogenic guanidine (G) is selected from arginine (Arg), guanidine acetic acid (Gaa), creatine (Cra), and creatinine (Cran). M represents Fe.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, or Zn.sup.2+; and X represents CI.sup., AcO.sup.(CH.sub.3COO.sup.), LaO.sup.(CH.sub.3CH(OH)COO.sup.). The glutaryl-bridged bis-biogenic guanidine chelate (GbG)MX.sub.2 can be used as a catalyst for production of polybutylene succinate (PBS) using succinic anhydride (SAn) and BDO as monomers through a batch process or a continuous process. The catalyst of (GbG)MX.sub.2 of the disclosure is non-toxic, and the PBS synthesized features excellent environmental and biological safety.

A novel ligated reagent complex is provided. The ligated reagent includes at least one zero-valent atom, whether metal, metalloid, or non-metal, in complex with at least one hydride molecule and at least one nitrile compound. The ligated reagent complex can be useful in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Also provided is a method for preparing a ligated reagent complex. The method includes a step of ball-milling a mixture that includes a preparation containing a zero-valent element, a hydride molecule, and a nitrile compound.

A method for preparing a MOF of formula K.sub.2(M1.sub.xM2.sub.1-x).sub.3(Cit).sub.2, where Cit is fully dehydrogenated citrate anion, M1 and M2 are metal cations of Zn, Co, Cu, Mg, Ni, Ca, Mn, Cr, Zr, and Fe, includes reacting 1 molar equivalent of citric acid with 0 to 1.0 molar equivalent of metal carbonate and/or metal oxide and 1.5 to 0.5 molar equivalent of a basic potassium compound (e.g., potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate and/or potassium hydroxide), where a total molar equivalent of the metal carbonate and potassium carbonate is 1.5. This step is followed by reacting with a metal salt aqueous solution. The total molar equivalent of the metal carbonate and/or metal oxide and metal acetate is 1 to 1.5. The reaction steps are conducted in DI water at a temperature below 100 C. and at ambient pressure. The MOF can be used to adsorb an acid gas from a fluid stream.

A phosphorus (P)-based flame retardant, a thermoplastic resin composition and a molded article including the phosphorus-based flame retardant are provided. The phosphorus-based flame retardant, even if an amount of use is reduced compared to a conventional flame retardant, is capable of providing significantly improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength and impact strength, while exhibiting excellent flame retardancy.

A method of forming metal ion doped halide perovskite nanocrystals includes forming metal halide perovskite nanocrystals, exposing the nanocrystals to a solvent vapor assisted recrystallization, and diffusing a metal ion dopant into the nanocrystals in a thermal annealing assisted cation exchange process.

A metal organic framework, comprising: an organic ligand; a structure S.sub.x constituted by one or more of O.sup.2-, OH.sub.2, OH.sup., OCH.sub.3.sup., and OC.sub.2H.sub.5.sup.; and a metal ion, wherein the metal organic framework has a structure S.sub.M-x, in the structure S.sub.M-x, two or more metal ions are bonded to one oxygen atom in the structure S.sub.x, the number of the metal ions in a unit lattice is two or more, and a water absorption rate A obtained by formula (1) is 25% or more:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{water}\mathrm{absorption}\mathrm{rate}A=\left(W_1-W_2\right)/W_2& \left(1\right)\end{array}$

in the formula, W.sub.1 represents a mass of the metal organic framework after being left until an equilibrium moisture content is reached under conditions of a temperature of 25 C. and a relative humidity of 50%, and W.sub.2 represents a mass of the organic metal framework after obtaining the mass W.sub.1 and being left at a temperature of 200 C. for 1 hour.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a first layer that includes a perovskite and a second layer that includes a perovskitoid, where the perovskite has a first crystalline structure defined by ABX.sub.3, the perovskitoid has a second crystalline structure defined by AB.sub.2X.sub.6, where A is a first cation, B is a second cation, X is an anion, and A is a third cation having either a 1+ charge or a 2+ charge.