The present invention describes a syrup of tagatose and galactose as main components together with other secondary products such as glycerol, oligosaccharides and other sugars in a minority amount.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising one or more steviol glycosides which composition comprises kaurenoic acid in an amount of no more than 150 ppm. The invention also relates to a method for preparing a steviol glycoside composition, which method comprises: providing a steviol glycoside composition; combining the steviol glycoside composition with a solvent to form a steviol glycoside solution; and crystallizing a steviol glycoside composition from the steviol glycoside solution, wherein the crystallization is carried out at pH7.0 or below. The invention also relates to a method for reducing the kaurenoic acid content of a steviol glycoside composition, which method comprises: providing a steviol glycoside composition which comprises kaurenoic acid; combining the steviol glycoside composition with a solvent to form a steviol glycoside solution; and crystallizing a steviol glycoside composition from the steviol glycoside solution, wherein the crystallization is carried out at pH7.0, thereby to reduce the amount of kaurenoic acid in the steviol glycoside composition.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising one or more steviol glycosides which composition comprises kaurenoic acid in an amount of no more than 150 ppm. The invention also relates to a method for preparing a steviol glycoside composition, which method comprises: providing a steviol glycoside composition; combining the steviol glycoside composition with a solvent to form a steviol glycoside solution; and crystallizing a steviol glycoside composition from the steviol glycoside solution, wherein the crystallization is carried out at pH7.0 or below. The invention also relates to a method for reducing the kaurenoic acid content of a steviol glycoside composition, which method comprises: providing a steviol glycoside composition which comprises kaurenoic acid; combining the steviol glycoside composition with a solvent to form a steviol glycoside solution; and crystallizing a steviol glycoside composition from the steviol glycoside solution, wherein the crystallization is carried out at pH7.0, thereby to reduce the amount of kaurenoic acid in the steviol glycoside composition.

A lyophilized product of cyclic-di-AMP requires special production equipment and is thus not suitable for large-scale production. Crystals of cyclic-di-AMP free acid are unstable under severe conditions at 105° C. Then, the present invention addresses the problem of providing a cyclic-di-AMP crystal that can be easily acquired in a large amount and is very stable under the severe conditions at 105° C. Crystals of c-di-AMP sodium salt according to the present invention are extremely stable even under the severe conditions at 105° C. Further, the crystals of c-di-AMP sodium salt according to the present invention can be prepared in a large amount by a simple process including adjusting a c-di-AMP aqueous solution at pH 5.2-12.0 and then adding an organic solvent thereto.

A lyophilized product of cyclic-di-AMP requires special production equipment and is thus not suitable for large-scale production. Crystals of cyclic-di-AMP free acid are unstable under severe conditions at 105° C. Then, the present invention addresses the problem of providing a cyclic-di-AMP crystal that can be easily acquired in a large amount and is very stable under the severe conditions at 105° C. Crystals of c-di-AMP sodium salt according to the present invention are extremely stable even under the severe conditions at 105° C. Further, the crystals of c-di-AMP sodium salt according to the present invention can be prepared in a large amount by a simple process including adjusting a c-di-AMP aqueous solution at pH 5.2-12.0 and then adding an organic solvent thereto.

A method of processing an aqueous solution, wherein the aqueous solution comprises one or more dissolved sugar, one or more dissolved sugar alcohol, or a mixture thereof, wherein the method comprises bringing the aqueous solution into contact with a collection of resin beads, wherein the resin beads comprise functional groups of structure (S1).

A method of processing an aqueous solution, wherein the aqueous solution comprises one or more dissolved sugar, one or more dissolved sugar alcohol, or a mixture thereof, wherein the method comprises bringing the aqueous solution into contact with a collection of resin beads, wherein the resin beads comprise functional groups of structure (S1).

A method of recovering a bead support from an emulsion includes supplying an aqueous surfactant solution into a centrifuge tube; supplying a hydrophobic liquid over the surfactant solution in the centrifuge tube, wherein a ratio of the volume of the aqueous surfactant solution to the volume of the hydrophobic liquid is not greater than 0.5; and applying an emulsion over the hydrophobic liquid while centrifuging, the emulsion comprising a dispersed aqueous phase including the bead support, the emulsion breaking and material of the dispersed phase preferentially partitioning to the surfactant solution.

A method of recovering a bead support from an emulsion includes supplying an aqueous surfactant solution into a centrifuge tube; supplying a hydrophobic liquid over the surfactant solution in the centrifuge tube, wherein a ratio of the volume of the aqueous surfactant solution to the volume of the hydrophobic liquid is not greater than 0.5; and applying an emulsion over the hydrophobic liquid while centrifuging, the emulsion comprising a dispersed aqueous phase including the bead support, the emulsion breaking and material of the dispersed phase preferentially partitioning to the surfactant solution.

The invention relates to crystalline polymorphs of lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and methods for making the same for use in pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional formulations and food supplements.