The present disclosure relates to a physically pretreated biomass composition, which enables chemical treatment in a biomass composition comprising a high concentration of a biomass substrate, and a preparation method thereof.

Through specific physical pretreatment (attrition milling) of herbaceous biomass, the physically pretreated biomass composition has fluidity/flowability at a substrate concentration of biomass of 20% (w/w) (biomass:solvent=1:4) or above, and thus the pretreatment cost may be reduced, and it is very useful in biomass treatment processes.

A hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid production method and system is disclosed that can include receiving an aqueous solution having glucose, water, and glucose oxidase at a reaction chamber. Here, the reaction chamber facilitates an enzymatic reaction between a gas phase and a liquid phase of the aqueous solution, thereby yielding a first solution comprising hydrogen peroxide, gluconic acid, and the glucose oxidase. The method can further include receiving the first solution at a separation chamber, wherein the separation chamber is comprised of a semi-permeable membrane having a pre-defined molecular weight barrier for separating the glucose oxidase, thereby resulting in a combined hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid solution. The method can further include at least partially converting the gluconic acid into a gluconate salt, and separating and concentrating the hydrogen peroxide from the gluconic acid or gluconate salt via vacuum flash evaporation and vacuum distillation.

A hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid production method and system is disclosed that can include receiving an aqueous solution having glucose, water, and glucose oxidase at a reaction chamber. Here, the reaction chamber facilitates an enzymatic reaction between a gas phase and a liquid phase of the aqueous solution, thereby yielding a first solution comprising hydrogen peroxide, gluconic acid, and the glucose oxidase. The method can further include receiving the first solution at a separation chamber, wherein the separation chamber is comprised of a semi-permeable membrane having a pre-defined molecular weight barrier for separating the glucose oxidase, thereby resulting in a combined hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid solution. The method can further include at least partially converting the gluconic acid into a gluconate salt, and separating and concentrating the hydrogen peroxide from the gluconic acid or gluconate salt via vacuum flash evaporation and vacuum distillation.

A method for separating hydrolysis product of biomass is provided. The method includes providing a mixture solution containing a hydrolysis product of biomass and a divalent metal salt, adjusting the pH value of the mixture solution to between 1-4.6, and performing a filtering procedure on the mixture solution using a nanofiltration membrane to obtain a concentrated solution and a filtrate, wherein the concentrated solution mainly includes the hydrolysis product of biomass and the filtrate mainly includes the divalent metal salt.

A method for separating hydrolysis product of biomass is provided. The method includes providing a mixture solution containing a hydrolysis product of biomass and a divalent metal salt, adjusting the pH value of the mixture solution to between 1-4.6, and performing a filtering procedure on the mixture solution using a nanofiltration membrane to obtain a concentrated solution and a filtrate, wherein the concentrated solution mainly includes the hydrolysis product of biomass and the filtrate mainly includes the divalent metal salt.

The present invention describes a syrup of tagatose and galactose as main components together with other secondary products such as glycerol, oligosaccharides and other sugars in a minority amount.

The present invention describes a syrup of tagatose and galactose as main components together with other secondary products such as glycerol, oligosaccharides and other sugars in a minority amount.

A method of processing an aqueous solution, wherein the aqueous solution comprises one or more dissolved sugar, one or more dissolved sugar alcohol, or a mixture thereof, wherein the method comprises bringing the aqueous solution into contact with a collection of resin beads, wherein the resin beads comprise functional groups of structure (S1).

The present invention relates to a method for the cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, comprising the application of a composition to the keratin materials, such as the skin, said composition comprising a compound (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the description and S* is a mono or polysaccharide.

The present invention relates to a method for the cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, comprising the application of a composition to the keratin materials, such as the skin, said composition comprising a compound (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the description and S* is a mono or polysaccharide.