A method of treating cancer in which a compound that inhibits the expression, production or release of IL-10 by immune cells is combined with a compound that stimulates the production of IL-12 when given in combination with, or in the presence of TNFa. Said method is effective when provided in addition to standard therapies, notably chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs and other forms of immune therapy including therapeutic vaccines.

The present invention relates to a sulfated polysaccharide compound and the preparation and use thereof, and in particular to a narrow distribution low molecular weight, highly sulfated pentosan (in this instance a xylan) referred to as glucuronoxylan sulfate (GXS). The invention has been developed primarily for use in the treatment of various clinical conditions. However, it will be appreciated that the invention is not restricted this particular field of use.

This invention provides compound having a structure of Formulas: Furthermore, methods and uses of such compounds for covalently bonding to a sugar acceptor, to form modified protein therapeutics having reduced enzymatic hydrolysis, improved biological stability or an improved pharmacokinetic property.

##STR00001##

This invention provides compound having a structure of Formulas: Furthermore, methods and uses of such compounds for covalently bonding to a sugar acceptor, to form modified protein therapeutics having reduced enzymatic hydrolysis, improved biological stability or an improved pharmacokinetic property.

##STR00001##

A method of treating cancer in which a compound that inhibits the expression, production or release of IL-10 by immune cells is combined with a compound that stimulates the production of IL-12 when given in combination with, or in the presence of TNFa. Said method is effective when provided in addition to standard therapies, notably chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs and other forms of immune therapy including therapeutic vaccines.

A method of treating cancer in which a compound that inhibits the expression, production or release of IL-10 by immune cells is combined with a compound that stimulates the production of IL-12 when given in combination with, or in the presence of TNFa. Said method is effective when provided in addition to standard therapies, notably chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs and other forms of immune therapy including therapeutic vaccines.

Prodrugs of nicotinic acid which include ribosyl groups are provided. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof may be used to treat or prevent to treat or prevent a variety of medical disorders, which are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction such as, for example, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, cerebrovascular disorders, liver disorders, kidney disorders or muscle disorders.

Prodrugs of nicotinic acid which include ribosyl groups are provided. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof may be used to treat or prevent to treat or prevent a variety of medical disorders, which are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction such as, for example, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, cerebrovascular disorders, liver disorders, kidney disorders or muscle disorders.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel compound having an antioxidant effect and a technique of using the novel compound. The above object is achieved by providing a compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein any one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is hydrogen, an acetyl group, a 2-butenoyl group, or a 2-methyl-2-pentenoyl group, each of the other two of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is hydrogen, any one of R.sup.4 to R.sup.6 is a 2-methyl-2-butenoyl group, and each of the other two of R.sup.4 to R.sup.6 is hydrogen.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel compound having an antioxidant effect and a technique of using the novel compound. The above object is achieved by providing a compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein any one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is hydrogen, an acetyl group, a 2-butenoyl group, or a 2-methyl-2-pentenoyl group, each of the other two of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is hydrogen, any one of R.sup.4 to R.sup.6 is a 2-methyl-2-butenoyl group, and each of the other two of R.sup.4 to R.sup.6 is hydrogen.