A method for producing an amide, including mixing a first composition containing a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid active species, and an organic solvent and a second composition containing an amine having at least one carboxyl group and water and causing the carboxylic acid or the carboxylic acid active species to react with the amine to obtain an amide.

A method for producing an amide, including mixing a first composition containing a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid active species, and an organic solvent and a second composition containing an amine having at least one carboxyl group and water and causing the carboxylic acid or the carboxylic acid active species to react with the amine to obtain an amide.

The invention relates to a method for preparing peptides comprising the step of forming a peptide bond wherein the carboxyl group of a first amino acid or first peptide is activated and an amino group of the first activated amino acid or first peptide is protected by a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group and the activated carboxyl group of the first amino acid or first peptide is reacted with an amino group of a second amino acid or second peptide wherein said carboxyl group of the first amino acid or first peptide is activated in the absence of the second amino acid or second peptide. The invention further relates to peptides comprising a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group being bound to the amino group and an activated or free carboxyl group.

The invention relates to a method for preparing peptides comprising the step of forming a peptide bond wherein the carboxyl group of a first amino acid or first peptide is activated and an amino group of the first activated amino acid or first peptide is protected by a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group and the activated carboxyl group of the first amino acid or first peptide is reacted with an amino group of a second amino acid or second peptide wherein said carboxyl group of the first amino acid or first peptide is activated in the absence of the second amino acid or second peptide. The invention further relates to peptides comprising a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group being bound to the amino group and an activated or free carboxyl group.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of a serine ADP-ribosylated protein or peptide comprising preparing an aqueous buffered solution comprising 5 to 60 mM, preferably 10 to 60 mM of a buffer and having a pH between 5.0 and 9.0, preferably between 5.5 to 8.5, and most preferably between 6.1 to 8.3, said solution further comprising (a) 0.2 to 2.5 mM NAD.sup.+, (b) at least 50 nM, preferably 50 to 3000 nM PARP-1, PARP-2 or the PARP-1 variant E988Q, (c) at least 100 nM, preferably 100 to 5000 nM HPF1, (d) at least 10 μg/mL, preferably 10 μg/mL to 200 μg/mL sonicated DNA, said sonicated DNA preferably comprising DNA fragments of 10 to 330 bp, and (e) up to 600 μM protein or peptide, said protein or peptide comprising at least one serine, thereby generating a reaction mix, in which the protein or peptide becomes serine ADP-ribosylated.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of a serine ADP-ribosylated protein or peptide comprising preparing an aqueous buffered solution comprising 5 to 60 mM, preferably 10 to 60 mM of a buffer and having a pH between 5.0 and 9.0, preferably between 5.5 to 8.5, and most preferably between 6.1 to 8.3, said solution further comprising (a) 0.2 to 2.5 mM NAD.sup.+, (b) at least 50 nM, preferably 50 to 3000 nM PARP-1, PARP-2 or the PARP-1 variant E988Q, (c) at least 100 nM, preferably 100 to 5000 nM HPF1, (d) at least 10 μg/mL, preferably 10 μg/mL to 200 μg/mL sonicated DNA, said sonicated DNA preferably comprising DNA fragments of 10 to 330 bp, and (e) up to 600 μM protein or peptide, said protein or peptide comprising at least one serine, thereby generating a reaction mix, in which the protein or peptide becomes serine ADP-ribosylated.

An article of footwear includes an upper and a midsole coupled with the upper. The midsole includes at least a portion of a solid resilin material comprising a cross-linked recombinant resilin and a polar nonaqueous solvent.

The present disclosure provides methods for conducting chemical reactions and for conducting a multi-step chemical reactions using swellable organically modified silica (SOMS) as nanoreactors.

This application describes modified amino acids and polypeptides comprising a SO.sub.2F or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2SO.sub.2F group bound to the side chain of an amono acid or amino acid residue of a polypeptide in place of a hydrogen of a hydroxyl or amino substituent thereof. Methods of covalently binding the polypeptides to receptot sites of receptor proteins are also described herein.

This application describes modified amino acids and polypeptides comprising a SO.sub.2F or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2SO.sub.2F group bound to the side chain of an amono acid or amino acid residue of a polypeptide in place of a hydrogen of a hydroxyl or amino substituent thereof. Methods of covalently binding the polypeptides to receptot sites of receptor proteins are also described herein.