The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for the preparation and use of free fatty acids as crystals and in solution, optionally in array format, for assay of lipotoxicity and related effects (in certain cases, indicators of diseases or disorders, such as type II diabetes) in contacted cells. Identification and therapeutic targeting of high-value gene targets discovered via joint assessment of lipotoxicity/transcriptome data and genetic association study data are also provided.

The present invention relates to tyrosine-specific functionalized insulin analogs and processes of making such tyrosine-specific functionalized insulin analogs using R-3H-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-(4H)diones (PTAD).

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for preparation and use of protein therapeutics, and more particularly protein clusters or backpacks having a plurality of therapeutic protein monomers reversibly crossed-linked by biodegradable linkers.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of medical biological materials, in particular to a green and broad-spectrum protein cross-linking method. In the method, a mixed solution containing protein and silver ions is irradiated by a visible light source with a compound wavelength to obtain cross-linked protein materials with uniform morphology. Compared with the traditional protein cross-linking method, the preparation method does not involve toxic chemical reagents and is environmentally friendly; the method can cross-link a variety of proteins in a broad spectrum; the preparation method can ensure the original activity of protein to the greatest extent; the preparation method also has the advantages of simple steps and easy operation; the cross-linked protein prepared by the method has good biological activity and antibacterial properties, and has great application prospect.

Aspects of the invention include a method for synthesizing a peptide brush polymer, the method comprising: exposing a mixture comprising peptide-containing monomers, one or more photoinitiators, and one or more chain transfer agents to a light sufficient to induce photopolymerization, and photopolymerizing the peptide-containing monomers in the mixture; wherein: the resulting peptide brush polymer comprises at least one peptide-containing polymer block; the at least one peptide-containing polymer block is characterized by a degree of polymerization of at least 10 and a peptide graft density of 50% to 100%; and at least one peptide moiety of the at least one peptide-containing polymer block has 5 or more amino acid groups.

The present invention comprises conjugates comprising a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a cyclic PYY peptide. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use thereof. The novel conjugates are useful for preventing, treating or ameliorating diseases and disorders disclosed herein.

The present invention relates to a method for modifying and purifying peptides comprising an immobilizing step, a modification step and a releasing step. In the immobilizing step, a crude linker-tagged peptide L-P is coupled to a solid support yielding an immobilized linker-tagged peptide S-L-P. Subsequently, the immobilized linker-tagged peptide S-L-P is modified with one or more organic molecules yielding an immobilized linker-tagged peptide S-L-mP. Finally, the modified peptide is released via a reduced intermediate RI. The linker molecule is a compound of formula 1, X—Tb—Va-U—Y—Z (1), which can be coupled to a purification resin via the moiety X and to a peptide via the moiety Y under the release of the leaving group Z. T is an optional spacer moiety and V is an optional electron withdrawing moiety. U is an aryl or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl moiety bound to at least one electron withdrawing moiety V, W or E. The linker is stable under acidic conditions and releases the peptide upon addition of a reducing agent.

Method of making a cross metathesis product, the method comprising at least step (X) or step (Y): (X) reacting in a cross metathesis reaction a first compound comprising a terminal olefinic group with a second compound comprising a terminal olefinic group, wherein the first and the second compound may be identical or may be different from one another; or (Y) reacting in a ring-closing metathesis reaction two terminal olefinic groups which are comprised in a third compound; wherein the reacting in step (X) or step (Y) is performed in the presence of a ruthenium carbene complex comprising a [Ru═C]-moiety and an internal olefin.

Method of making a cross metathesis product, the method comprising at least step (X) or step (Y): (X) reacting in a cross metathesis reaction a first compound comprising a terminal olefinic group with a second compound comprising a terminal olefinic group, wherein the first and the second compound may be identical or may be different from one another; or (Y) reacting in a ring-closing metathesis reaction two terminal olefinic groups which are comprised in a third compound; wherein the reacting in step (X) or step (Y) is performed in the presence of a ruthenium carbene complex comprising a [Ru═C]-moiety and an internal olefin.

A method for preparing AMG 416, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided.