A modified gelatin comprising:

(a) lysine residues; and

(b) lysine residues comprising a pendent side chain carrying a thiol group;

wherein the modified gelatin comprises at least 50μmoles/g of component (b) and at least 450μmoles/g in total components (a) and (b). Also claimed are hydrogels, a process for making modified gelatins and kits comprising the modified gelatins and a crosslinking agent.

Provided herein are thiosuccinyl-crosslinked hemoglobin analogs useful as blood replacement agents, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and the methods of use and preparation thereof.

The invention relates to the use of a microdevice for the modification of protein with carbohydrate. Preferably for the glycation of protein with a mono-, di-, oligo- or polysaccharide(s). The invention also relates to the process for modifying protein with carbohydrate in a microdevice. The invention also relates to a process for preparing a food, feed, personal care, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, paper or corrugated board product comprising the process steps to prepare the modified protein and the step of combining the modified protein with at least one other ingredient.

The present disclosure relates to a method of synthesizing cyclosporine derivatives. The method includes: providing a precursor fluid of the cyclosporine derivative, an alkaline fluid and a ClCH.sub.2OCOCl solution; premixing the precursor fluid and the alkaline fluid to obtain a premixed solution; feeding the premixed solution into a first reaction chamber, reacting to prepare a first reaction liquid; feeding the first reaction liquid into a second reaction chamber, reacting the first reaction liquid with a CO.sub.2 fluid to prepare a second reaction liquid; and reacting the second reaction liquid with the ClCH.sub.2OCOCl solution.

The present invention relates to methods to use cyclohexan-1,2-dione (CHD) groups to attach labels, linkers, and other molecules to a target compound comprising a CHD-reactive group such as a guanidine, amidine, urea, thiourea and the like. Methods of the invention include milder conditions than those previously known for promoting reaction of CHD with CHD-reactive groups, which makes the methods suitable for use with base-sensitive compounds and complex biomolecules. Methods of the invention are especially useful for attaching linking and labeling groups to a peptide that comprises at least one arginine residue, and can also be used to link such peptides to other target molecules such as nucleic acids. The invention also provides CHD-containing conjugation reagents and compositions comprising CHD-containing intermediates, and precursors useful for making CHD-containing compounds that can be used in the methods of the invention.

The present invention is broadly concerned with new in vitro glycosylation methods that provide rational approaches for producing glycosylated proteins, and the use of glycosylated proteins. In more detail, the present invention comprises methods of glycosylating a starting protein having an amino sidechain with a nucleophilic moiety, comprising the step of reacting the protein with a carbohydrate having an oxazoline moiety on the reducing end thereof, to covalently bond the amino sidechain of the starting protein with the oxazoline moiety, wherein the glycosylated protein substantially retains the structure and function of the starting protein. Target proteins include oxidase, oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase enzymes. The glycosylated proteins advantageously have molecular weights of at least about 7500 Daltons. In a further embodiment, the present invention concerns the use of glycosylated proteins, fabricated by the methods disclosed herein, in the assembly of amperometric biosensors.

A method of proteolyzing a protein, including immobilizing a protein in at least one pore of a porous body, and contacting the protein immobilized in the pore and a protease immobilized on a solid surface such that the protease selectively accesses a site of the protein and proteolyzes the protein at the site.

A method of proteolyzing a protein, including immobilizing a protein in at least one pore of a porous body, and contacting the protein immobilized in the pore and a protease immobilized on a solid surface such that the protease selectively accesses a site of the protein and proteolyzes the protein at the site.

Methods of and compositions for producing and using plant-based materials are provided. The methods include using biopolymers or their synthetic equivalents combined with a stable source of reactive oxygen species that when applied to or combined with a separate source of oxido-reducing enzyme or catalyst will cause the formation of an activated biopolymer with increased protein binding affinity and microbial control activities.

The disclosure relates to the synthesis of amide containing compounds inflow. In particular, the disclosure relates to the synthesis of polypeptides via native chemical ligation inflow. The disclosure also relates to selective desulfurization or deselenization of amide containing compounds comprising a thiol, disulfide, selenol or diselenide functional group respectively, particularly polypeptides.