This disclosure describes a biochemical reactor with side nozzles. The biochemical reactor may include a tank configured to house immobilized carriers and fluid. The biochemical reactor may include a circulation conduit at least partially disposed within the tank. The circulation conduit may include a circulation inlet opening and a circulation outlet opening. The biochemical reactor may include one or more vanes disposed proximate to the circulation outlet opening. The one or more vanes may be configured to cause the immobilized carrier and the fluid exiting the circulation outlet opening to enter into a helical pattern. The biochemical reactor may include one or more side nozzles configured to induce a tangential flow of fluid within the tank. The one or more side nozzles may be disposed proximate to the circulation inlet opening and/or the circulation outlet opening.

The disclosure is directed to shoe accoutrements and methods of making and using the same. A shoe assembly for a shoe, can include an inner layer of first material; a support layer of second material, and the support layer including a slit, and a pocket being provided between the inner layer and the support layer. The shoe assembly can further include a first attachment plate attached to the inner layer; a second attachment plate, and the second attachment plate being magnetically attracted to the first attachment plate and positioned on the first attachment plate, and the second attachment plate being slidably removable out a top of the pocket, and the slit running along a back side of the pocket; a connection assembly attached to the second attachment plate; and an accoutrement, and the accoutrement supported by the connection assembly.

Boot shafts can be designed for comfort by providing expansion in the shaft of a boot. Portions of a shaft can be replaced, augmented, or associated with a more deformable and elastically resilient material or materials. When effectively associated or integrated, the elastic material can allow for temporary expansion of the shaft to ease passage of the heel and foot through the shaft and into the shoe box. A long thin resilient feature can provide expansion and ease of passage of a foot down the boot shaft while also potentially minimizing conspicuous departure from conventional stylings. Such features can also be physically obscured with straps (which may rotate, for example). Such features may be curved or angled to visually in fit with and even be camouflaged by surrounding decorative ornamentation on the shaft of such a boot.

Boot shafts can be designed for comfort by providing expansion in the shaft of a boot. Portions of a shaft can be replaced, augmented, or associated with a more deformable and elastically resilient material or materials. When effectively associated or integrated, the elastic material can allow for temporary expansion of the shaft to ease passage of the heel and foot through the shaft and into the shoe box. A long thin resilient feature can provide expansion and ease of passage of a foot down the boot shaft while also potentially minimizing conspicuous departure from conventional stylings. Such features can also be physically obscured with straps (which may rotate, for example). Such features may be curved or angled to visually in fit with and even be camouflaged by surrounding decorative ornamentation on the shaft of such a boot.