The present application discloses regioselectively substituted cellulose esters, films made from the regioselectively substituted cellulose esters and methods for making the same. The regioselectively substituted cellulose esters are synthesized using trifluoroacetic anhydride and cellulose with various acyl donors or acyl donor precursors.

Provided is a novel cyclic oligosaccharide derived from cellulose. The cyclic oligosaccharide is a cyclic oligosaccharide of Formula (1) having a β-1,4 glucosidic bond. In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent thereof, a plurality of the Rs may be identical or different, and n represents an integer of 0 to 3.

A negative electrode active material of the present invention includes a core containing silicon-based nanoparticles and polymer carbides distributed on the nanoparticles, wherein the core has a size of 30-300 nm, and such a negative electrode active material is prepared using a method including dispersing a suspension in which silicon-based nanoparticles and water-soluble polymer are added to a solvent using ultrasonic waves; and preparing a core including the silicon-based nanoparticles having the polymer carbides on the surface by carbonizing the water-soluble polymer. As a result, a negative electrode active material having a significantly low volume expansion rate compared with general non-carbon-based negative electrode active materials, and having excellent electric conductivity may be provided.

A negative electrode active material of the present invention includes a core containing silicon-based nanoparticles and polymer carbides distributed on the nanoparticles, wherein the core has a size of 30-300 nm, and such a negative electrode active material is prepared using a method including dispersing a suspension in which silicon-based nanoparticles and water-soluble polymer are added to a solvent using ultrasonic waves; and preparing a core including the silicon-based nanoparticles having the polymer carbides on the surface by carbonizing the water-soluble polymer. As a result, a negative electrode active material having a significantly low volume expansion rate compared with general non-carbon-based negative electrode active materials, and having excellent electric conductivity may be provided.

Regioselectively substituted cellulose esters having a plurality of aryl-acyl substituents and a plurality of alkyl-acyl substituents are disclosed along with methods for making the same. Such cellulose esters may be suitable for use in optical films, such as optical films having certain Nz values, −A optical films, and/or +C optical films. Optical films prepared employing such cellulose esters have a variety of commercial applications, such as, for example, as compensation films in liquid crystal displays and/or waveplates in creating circular polarized light used in 3-D technology.

This invention discloses methods for producing modified cellulose, modified nanocellulose, modified nanocellulose functionalized with other functional species, and derivatives thereof. The present invention also provides cellulose, nanocellulose, and their derivatives that are safe to use inside an animal or human body and are biocompatible without costly purification. These cellulose or nanocellulose materials can be used in many different applications, including carrier for pharmaceutical active agents and other medical devices.

This invention discloses methods for producing modified cellulose, modified nanocellulose, modified nanocellulose functionalized with other functional species, and derivatives thereof. The present invention also provides cellulose, nanocellulose, and their derivatives that are safe to use inside an animal or human body and are biocompatible without costly purification. These cellulose or nanocellulose materials can be used in many different applications, including carrier for pharmaceutical active agents and other medical devices.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.

This invention relates to novel compositions comprising regioselectively substituted cellulose esters. One aspect of the invention relates to processes for preparing regioselectively substituted cellulose esters from cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids. Another aspect of the invention relates to the utility of regioselectively substituted cellulose esters in applications such as protective and compensation films for liquid crystalline displays.