Provided is a method for producing cellulose particles or cellulose acetate particles. By a production method including: (a) dissolving cellulose acetate in an organic solvent and preparing a cellulose acetate solution; (b) obtaining an emulsion by passing the cellulose acetate solution and an aqueous medium through a gap between an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder arranged coaxially inside the outer cylinder and rotating at least one of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder; and (c) precipitating cellulose acetate particles from the emulsion, cellulose acetate particles are produced. By further saponifying the cellulose acetate obtained by the production method, cellulose particles are produced.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the plant Miscanthus Giganteus (MxG) and a matrix material are present in a composite composition. Impressive yields of MxG-CNCs are obtained through a combination of processing steps including base hydrolysis, bleaching and acid hydrolysis. MxG-CNCs are produced having high aspect ratios, are biorenewable and can be used for a wide range of applications such as nanofillers in composites.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from the plant Miscanthus Giganteus (MxG) and a matrix material are present in a composite composition. Impressive yields of MxG-CNCs are obtained through a combination of processing steps including base hydrolysis, bleaching and acid hydrolysis. MxG-CNCs are produced having high aspect ratios, are biorenewable and can be used for a wide range of applications such as nanofillers in composites.

A system and method of automated downtime scheduling and control is disclosed. A failure of at least one component of at least one bare-metal server associated with a client is detected and a first notification is transmitted to a client system associated with the client. The notification includes a request to schedule downtime. A response including a selected downtime is received from the client system and the at least one bare-metal server is transitioned to an offline state at the selected downtime. A ticket is generated in a ticketing system for repair of the bare-metal server. The ticket identifies the at least one component.

A sulfated cellulose fiber having a cellulose I crystal structure is provided.

A chemically modified cellulose fiber which has a cellulose I crystal and in which some hydroxyl groups of cellulose are substituted with a substituent represented by formula (1). An amount of the substituent introduced is 0.1 mmol to 3.0 mmol per 1 g of the chemically modified cellulose fiber, and an average degree of polymerization is 350 or more. (In formula (1), M represents a monovalent to trivalent cation.) In the production of the chemically modified cellulose fiber, a cellulose fiber is treated with sulfamic acid while maintaining a cellulose fiber shape to allow sulfamic acid and a cellulose fine fiber which is a constituent of the cellulose fiber to react with each other.

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A sulfated cellulose fiber having a cellulose I crystal structure is provided.

A chemically modified cellulose fiber which has a cellulose I crystal and in which some hydroxyl groups of cellulose are substituted with a substituent represented by formula (1). An amount of the substituent introduced is 0.1 mmol to 3.0 mmol per 1 g of the chemically modified cellulose fiber, and an average degree of polymerization is 350 or more. (In formula (1), M represents a monovalent to trivalent cation.) In the production of the chemically modified cellulose fiber, a cellulose fiber is treated with sulfamic acid while maintaining a cellulose fiber shape to allow sulfamic acid and a cellulose fine fiber which is a constituent of the cellulose fiber to react with each other.

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[Object] An object is to provide a sulfonated fine cellulose fiber having excellent transparency, a sulfonated pulp fiber suitable for the sulfonated fine cellulose fiber, a method for producing these fibers, and a derivative pulp containing the sulfonated pulp fiber. [Means for achieving the object] The sulfonated pulp fiber of the present invention is a pulp fiber comprising a plurality of cellulose fibers, wherein a part of hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fibers of the pulp fiber is substituted with sulfo groups, an introduction amount of sulfur attributable to the sulfo groups is adjusted to be higher than 0.42 mmol/g while maintaining a fiber shape, and a water retention value of the pulp fiber is adjusted to 150% or more. Since the sulfonated pulp fiber has a predetermined water retaining property or more while maintaining the fiber shape, the degree of flexibility in handling can be improved.

[Object] An object is to provide a sulfonated fine cellulose fiber having excellent transparency, a sulfonated pulp fiber suitable for the sulfonated fine cellulose fiber, a method for producing these fibers, and a derivative pulp containing the sulfonated pulp fiber. [Means for achieving the object] The sulfonated pulp fiber of the present invention is a pulp fiber comprising a plurality of cellulose fibers, wherein a part of hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fibers of the pulp fiber is substituted with sulfo groups, an introduction amount of sulfur attributable to the sulfo groups is adjusted to be higher than 0.42 mmol/g while maintaining a fiber shape, and a water retention value of the pulp fiber is adjusted to 150% or more. Since the sulfonated pulp fiber has a predetermined water retaining property or more while maintaining the fiber shape, the degree of flexibility in handling can be improved.

Sulfate ester modified cellulose nanofibers having an average fiber diameter in the range of 1 nm to 500 nm, and having sulfate ester modified hydroxyl groups on surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers. A method of producing cellulose nanofibers that are nanosized, that have a high crystallinity degree, and that have large aspect ratios, the method being a chemical method that does not require any physical pulverization, that is energy-saving, and that can be performed under mild reaction conditions. A method of producing modified cellulose nanofibers including modifying the surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers through esterification or urethanization. A method of producing cellulose nanofibers includes impregnating cellulose with a fibrillation solution containing dimethylsulfoxide, at least one carboxylic acid anhydride selected from acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride, and sulfuric acid to fibrillate the cellulose.

Sulfate ester modified cellulose nanofibers having an average fiber diameter in the range of 1 nm to 500 nm, and having sulfate ester modified hydroxyl groups on surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers. A method of producing cellulose nanofibers that are nanosized, that have a high crystallinity degree, and that have large aspect ratios, the method being a chemical method that does not require any physical pulverization, that is energy-saving, and that can be performed under mild reaction conditions. A method of producing modified cellulose nanofibers including modifying the surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers through esterification or urethanization. A method of producing cellulose nanofibers includes impregnating cellulose with a fibrillation solution containing dimethylsulfoxide, at least one carboxylic acid anhydride selected from acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride, and sulfuric acid to fibrillate the cellulose.