Disclosed herein are methods for producing nanocrystalline cellulose and oxidized nanocrystalline cellulose from biomass. Also disclosed are methods for forming materials, and the materials formed from a fibrin matrix that incorporates the nanocrystalline cellulose and/or the oxidized nanocrystalline cellulose.

Disclosed herein are methods for producing nanocrystalline cellulose and oxidized nanocrystalline cellulose from biomass. Also disclosed are methods for forming materials, and the materials formed from a fibrin matrix that incorporates the nanocrystalline cellulose and/or the oxidized nanocrystalline cellulose.

It has been found that certain silica/cellulose hybrid compositions can be incorporated into rubber formulations with excellent compatibility between the filler and the rubber being attained. These rubber formulations also offer excellent rubber performance characteristics for utilization in tires and other rubber products. These silica/cellulose compositions are made by (1) dispersing sodium silicate or an alkoxy silane into an aqueous cellulose slurry to make an aqueous cellulose dispersion; (2) maintaining the aqueous cellulose dispersion under agitation for a time which is sufficient to allow the sodium silicate or the alkoxy silane to react with the cellulose; (3) adding an acid to the cellulose dispersion in an amount which is sufficient to reduce the pH of the cellulose dispersion to no more than about 8 to produce the silica/cellulose hybrid; and (4) recovering the silica/cellulose hybrid from the water.

It has been found that certain silica/cellulose hybrid compositions can be incorporated into rubber formulations with excellent compatibility between the filler and the rubber being attained. These rubber formulations also offer excellent rubber performance characteristics for utilization in tires and other rubber products. These silica/cellulose compositions are made by (1) dispersing sodium silicate or an alkoxy silane into an aqueous cellulose slurry to make an aqueous cellulose dispersion; (2) maintaining the aqueous cellulose dispersion under agitation for a time which is sufficient to allow the sodium silicate or the alkoxy silane to react with the cellulose; (3) adding an acid to the cellulose dispersion in an amount which is sufficient to reduce the pH of the cellulose dispersion to no more than about 8 to produce the silica/cellulose hybrid; and (4) recovering the silica/cellulose hybrid from the water.

The present invention relates to adurable and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating composition and water based fabrication method of producing the durable and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating composition via chemical modification and functionalization of hydrophilic material by silanes under room temperature without any organic solvents. Synthesis of chemically modified cellulose nanofibers or clay in water forms excellent water repelling thin films upon coating over various substrates. The super hydrophobic materials are used as additive for paints, pigments, paper, varnish and, textile and used for various industrial applications such as construction of buildings and other super structures.

The present invention relates to adurable and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating composition and water based fabrication method of producing the durable and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating composition via chemical modification and functionalization of hydrophilic material by silanes under room temperature without any organic solvents. Synthesis of chemically modified cellulose nanofibers or clay in water forms excellent water repelling thin films upon coating over various substrates. The super hydrophobic materials are used as additive for paints, pigments, paper, varnish and, textile and used for various industrial applications such as construction of buildings and other super structures.

The disclosure provides a composition comprising a modified cellulosic surface having aliphatic fatty acid molecules and amine-silica particles that are covalently bonded to cellulose fibers of the cellulosic surface. Also disclosed is a composition comprising a modified cellulosic surface including low surface energy molecules and amine functionalized nanotubes decorated with silica nanoparticles that are covalently bonded to cellulose fibers of the cellulosic surface. Also disclosed is a process for increasing hydrophobicity of a cellulosic surface. Also disclosed is a process for increasing hydrophobicity and surface roughness of a cellulosic surface. Also disclosed are products comprising the compositions and modified cellulosic surfaces of the present invention.

The disclosure provides a composition comprising a modified cellulosic surface having aliphatic fatty acid molecules and amine-silica particles that are covalently bonded to cellulose fibers of the cellulosic surface. Also disclosed is a composition comprising a modified cellulosic surface including low surface energy molecules and amine functionalized nanotubes decorated with silica nanoparticles that are covalently bonded to cellulose fibers of the cellulosic surface. Also disclosed is a process for increasing hydrophobicity of a cellulosic surface. Also disclosed is a process for increasing hydrophobicity and surface roughness of a cellulosic surface. Also disclosed are products comprising the compositions and modified cellulosic surfaces of the present invention.

The present disclosure provides a cellulose derivative which has excellent storage stability and can selectively adsorb a valuable metal and a toxic metal. The cellulose derivative of the present disclosure has a repeating unit represented by Formula (I) below. In Formula (I) below. R.sup.as are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom or a group represented by Formula (a) below. In Formula (a) below, ring Z represents a heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom as a heteroatom, and R.sup.1 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbons. Four R.sup.2s are identical or different, and each represent an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbons. At least one of all the R.sup.as included in the cellulose derivative is a group represented by Formula (a) below.

##STR00001##

##STR00002##

The present invention relates to the provision of an aqueous emulsion composition for producing a film showing slippery properties containing hydrophobically modified cellulose fibers and at the same time improving water resistance and durability of the film. Since the emulsion composition of the present invention is capable of forming a film having slippery properties, which can be utilized on various surfaces, for example, those in the fields of coatings for ships and bridges, cosmetics, and the like.