Provided is a method for producing a fluoropolymer, the method including a polymerizing step of polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of an initiator, a chain transfer agent, and a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer containing more than 80 mol % of a polymerized unit based on tetrafluoroethylene, the chain transfer agent including at least one selected from the group consisting of a dithioester compound, a dithiocarbamate compound, a trithiocarbonate compound, and a xanthate compound. Also provided is a fluoropolymer represented by the formula Af-CRP defined in the description.

The present invention relates to a ligand compound having a novel structure of the following, a transition metal compound and a catalyst composition including the same:

##STR00001##

Wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.7, and n are described herein.

The present invention relates to a ligand compound having a novel structure of the following, a transition metal compound and a catalyst composition including the same:

##STR00001##

Wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.7, and n are described herein.

Provided is a method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, comprising polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of a fluorine-free compound (1) represented by general formula (1), a polymerization initiator, and an aqueous medium to produce the fluorine-containing polymer:

CX.sup.1X.sup.2═CX.sup.3—R—Z  General formula (1):

wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 are each independently H or an alkyl group; R is a single bond or an alkylene group; the total number of carbon atoms of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, and R is 0 to 5; Z is —SO.sub.3M, —OSO.sub.3M, —P(═O)(OM).sub.2, —OP(O)(OM).sub.2, or —B(OM).sub.2; M is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.1.sub.4, optionally substituted imidazolium, optionally substituted pyridinium, or optionally substituted phosphonium; and R.sup.1 is independently H or an organic group, and any two R.sup.1 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

Provided is a method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, comprising polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of a fluorine-free compound (1) represented by general formula (1), a polymerization initiator, and an aqueous medium to produce the fluorine-containing polymer:

CX.sup.1X.sup.2═CX.sup.3—R—Z  General formula (1):

wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 are each independently H or an alkyl group; R is a single bond or an alkylene group; the total number of carbon atoms of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, and R is 0 to 5; Z is —SO.sub.3M, —OSO.sub.3M, —P(═O)(OM).sub.2, —OP(O)(OM).sub.2, or —B(OM).sub.2; M is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.1.sub.4, optionally substituted imidazolium, optionally substituted pyridinium, or optionally substituted phosphonium; and R.sup.1 is independently H or an organic group, and any two R.sup.1 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

Provided is a method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, comprising polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of a fluorine-free compound (1) represented by general formula (1), a polymerization initiator, and an aqueous medium to produce the fluorine-containing polymer:

CX.sup.1X.sup.2═CX.sup.3—R—Z  General formula (1):

wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 are each independently H or an alkyl group; R is a single bond or an alkylene group; the total number of carbon atoms of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, and R is 0 to 5; Z is —SO.sub.3M, —OSO.sub.3M, —P(═O)(OM).sub.2, —OP(O)(OM).sub.2, or —B(OM).sub.2; M is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.1.sub.4, optionally substituted imidazolium, optionally substituted pyridinium, or optionally substituted phosphonium; and R.sup.1 is independently H or an organic group, and any two R.sup.1 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

Provided is a method making it possible to ensure a gradual release of polymer chains within a liquid medium, the method comprising bringing the liquid medium into contact with specific solid objects formed by polymer chains soluble in the medium and carrying hydrophobic side groups ensuring physical crosslinking between the polymer chains within the solid objects. The released chains may in particular be used as inhibitors of the formation of inorganic or organic deposits (scale inhibitors) within a liquid medium, typically in the field of oil extraction.

Disclosed are a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution prepared by living radical and a polymer manufacturing method comprising a step of performing living radical polymerization using 0.005 to 0.5 parts by mass of an oxygen radical scavenger per 100 parts by mass of a radical polymerizable monomer.

Disclosed are a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution prepared by living radical and a polymer manufacturing method comprising a step of performing living radical polymerization using 0.005 to 0.5 parts by mass of an oxygen radical scavenger per 100 parts by mass of a radical polymerizable monomer.

The present invention relates to a continuous high-pressure polymerization process for the preparation of a liquid ethylene copolymer which comprises in polymerized for methylene; and a reactive acrylate which is selected from hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, and hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, where a monomer feed comprising the ethylene and the reactive acrylate is polymerized in the presence of at least 2 wt % of a chain transfer agent. The present invention also relates to the liquid ethylene copolymer, to a coating material comprising the liquid ethylene copolymer and to a use of the liquid ethylene copolymer to produce a coating material.