A superabsorbent polymer having high centrifuge retention capacity and absorption rate prepared by using a particular foam stabilizer and a polymerization initiator. The foam stabilizer includes a sucrose ester and a polyalkylene oxide, and polymerization initiator includes a photoinitiator and a cationic azo-based initiator.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an aqueous composition by emulsion polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of at least one water-soluble diaminostilbene disulphonic optical brightener, as well as to the aqueous composition obtainable by said method, the use of said aqueous composition for optically brightening of a cellulosic substrate and the cellulosic substrate treated with the aqueous composition.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an aqueous composition by emulsion polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of at least one water-soluble diaminostilbene disulphonic optical brightener, as well as to the aqueous composition obtainable by said method, the use of said aqueous composition for optically brightening of a cellulosic substrate and the cellulosic substrate treated with the aqueous composition.

Provided are a method for producing a multibranched polymer that can produce a multibranched polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution in a one-pot procedure and the multibranched polymer. A method for producing a multibranched polymer includes the step of polymerizing a first vinyl monomer having a polymerization-initiating group in an -position of a vinyl bond and a second vinyl monomer free of polymerization-initiating group in an -position of a vinyl bond by a living radical polymerization.

An ink composition including a metal salt; an optional solvent; and a stable component that is stable in the ink composition until treated, wherein, upon treatment, the component forms a compound that reduces the metal salt to form metal. An ink composition including a metal salt; an initiator; and an optional solvent; wherein, upon treatment, the initiator forms a compound which reduces the metal salt to metal. A process including combining a metal salt, an initiator, and an optional solvent, to form an ink; wherein, upon treatment, the initiator forms a compound which reduces the metal salt to metal. A process including providing an ink composition comprising a metal salt, an initiator, and an optional solvent; depositing the ink composition onto a substrate to form deposited features; and treating the deposited features on the substrate wherein the initiator forms a compound which reduces the metal salt to metal to form conductive features on the substrate.

An ink composition including a metal salt; an optional solvent; and a stable component that is stable in the ink composition until treated, wherein, upon treatment, the component forms a compound that reduces the metal salt to form metal. An ink composition including a metal salt; an initiator; and an optional solvent; wherein, upon treatment, the initiator forms a compound which reduces the metal salt to metal. A process including combining a metal salt, an initiator, and an optional solvent, to form an ink; wherein, upon treatment, the initiator forms a compound which reduces the metal salt to metal. A process including providing an ink composition comprising a metal salt, an initiator, and an optional solvent; depositing the ink composition onto a substrate to form deposited features; and treating the deposited features on the substrate wherein the initiator forms a compound which reduces the metal salt to metal to form conductive features on the substrate.

An intracellular delivery vehicle of which surface is covered by a positive charge, an intracellular delivery complex in which a component or compound desired is loaded in the intracellular delivery vehicle, a temperature-sensitive probe comprising the intracellular delivery complex, and a method for measuring the intracellular temperature by the temperature-sensitive probe are disclosed. The intracellular delivery vehicle is useful on account of its capability of easily delivering the component or compound desired inside the cell without inhibiting cell proliferation.

A polyvinyl alcohol is produced in a method comprising: a polymerization step comprising polymerizing vinyl ester monomers by controlled radical polymerization in the presence of a radical initiator and an organic cobalt complex to obtain a polymer solution containing a polyvinyl ester; an extraction step comprising extracting a cobalt complex from the polymer solution by contacting an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble ligand with the polymer solution; and a saponification step comprising saponifying the polyvinyl ester after the extraction step to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol. A method for producing a polyvinyl alcohol is thus provided that has a narrow molecular weight distribution and a high number-average molecular weight with good hue and further good solubility in water.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a vinylamine unit-containing polymer, the method comprising: preparing a mixture for polymerization (a) containing N-vinylformamide as a monomer component by using crude N-vinylformamide which contains the N-vinylformamide and formamide and has a content of the formamide of 1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the N-vinylformamide; obtaining a polymerization product (b) containing an N-vinylformamide unit-containing polymer and formamide by polymerizing the monomer component in the mixture for polymerization (a); and obtaining a hydrolysis product (c) containing a vinylamine unit-containing polymer through a hydrolysis treatment of the polymerization product (b) using an acid or a base.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a vinylamine unit-containing polymer, the method comprising: preparing a mixture for polymerization (a) containing N-vinylformamide as a monomer component by using crude N-vinylformamide which contains the N-vinylformamide and formamide and has a content of the formamide of 1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the N-vinylformamide; obtaining a polymerization product (b) containing an N-vinylformamide unit-containing polymer and formamide by polymerizing the monomer component in the mixture for polymerization (a); and obtaining a hydrolysis product (c) containing a vinylamine unit-containing polymer through a hydrolysis treatment of the polymerization product (b) using an acid or a base.