A dispersant for a lubricating oil, containing at least one compound selected from a specific nitrogen-containing compound which is obtained by using, as raw materials, (A) at least one polyolefin selected from polybutene and polyisobutene, (B) at least one maleic acid compound selected from maleic acid and maleic anhydride, and (C) polyamine; a boride of the specific nitrogen-containing compound; and an acylated product of the specific nitrogen-containing compound. The polyolefin (A) satisfies at least one of the following conditions (α) and (β). (α) a ratio (Sb/Sa) of an integrated value (Sb) of a peak present at 4.40 to 5.00 ppm in a .sup.1H-NMR spectrum to an integrated value (Sa) of a peak present at 5.01 to 5.60 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectrum is 2 or more. (β) a ratio (Sd/Sc) of an integrated value (Sd) of a peak present at 1.76 to 2.10 ppm in the .sup.1H-NMR spectrum to an integrated value (Sc) of a peak present at 1.65 to 1.75 ppm in the .sup.1H-NMR spectrum is 1 or more.

The present disclosure relates to a styrene-based copolymer for an electrode binder of a solid alkaline fuel cell, represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, an electrode binder including the same, and a membrane electrode assembly including the electrode binder. The electrode binder for a solid alkaline fuel cell is obtained by dispersing the styrene-based copolymer for an electrode binder in a mixed solvent of alcohol with water. Thus, even when coating electrode catalyst slurry including the electrode binder directly on an electrolyte membrane, the electrolyte membrane is not damaged so that the quality of a solid alkaline fuel cell using the same may be improved.

##STR00001## wherein x is an integer of 2-10, and each of m and n represents the number of repeating units.

The present disclosure relates to a styrene-based copolymer for an electrode binder of a solid alkaline fuel cell, represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, an electrode binder including the same, and a membrane electrode assembly including the electrode binder. The electrode binder for a solid alkaline fuel cell is obtained by dispersing the styrene-based copolymer for an electrode binder in a mixed solvent of alcohol with water. Thus, even when coating electrode catalyst slurry including the electrode binder directly on an electrolyte membrane, the electrolyte membrane is not damaged so that the quality of a solid alkaline fuel cell using the same may be improved.

##STR00001## wherein x is an integer of 2-10, and each of m and n represents the number of repeating units.

Polar silane linkers are provided that attach to resins to form silane-functionalized resins. The functionalized resins can be bound to hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica particles to improve the dispersibility of the silica particles in rubber mixtures. Further disclosed are synthetic routes to provide the silane-functionalized resins, as well as various uses and end products that benefit from the unexpected properties of the silane-functionalized resins. Silane-functionalized resins impart remarkable properties on various rubber compositions, such as tires, belts, hoses, brakes, and the like. Automobile tires incorporating the silane-functionalized resins are shown to possess excellent results in balancing the properties of rolling resistance, tire wear, and wet braking performance.

Polar silane linkers are provided that attach to resins to form silane-functionalized resins. The functionalized resins can be bound to hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica particles to improve the dispersibility of the silica particles in rubber mixtures. Further disclosed are synthetic routes to provide the silane-functionalized resins, as well as various uses and end products that benefit from the unexpected properties of the silane-functionalized resins. Silane-functionalized resins impart remarkable properties on various rubber compositions, such as tires, belts, hoses, brakes, and the like. Automobile tires incorporating the silane-functionalized resins are shown to possess excellent results in balancing the properties of rolling resistance, tire wear, and wet braking performance.

A modified polyolefin resin is described. The modified polyolefin resin can enhance a cleaning property upon cleaning inside of a coating machine with a cleaning solvent including water, and is excellent in a balance between heat resistance and solution stability. The modified polyolefin resin is a polyolefin resin that is modified with an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof and with an amino alcohol having a primary or a secondary amino group.

A modified polyolefin resin is described. The modified polyolefin resin can enhance a cleaning property upon cleaning inside of a coating machine with a cleaning solvent including water, and is excellent in a balance between heat resistance and solution stability. The modified polyolefin resin is a polyolefin resin that is modified with an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof and with an amino alcohol having a primary or a secondary amino group.

Polar silane linkers are provided that attach to resins to form silane-functionalized resins. The functionalized resins can be bound to hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica particles to improve the dispersibility of the silica particles in rubber mixtures. Further disclosed are synthetic routes to provide the silane-functionalized resins, as well as various uses and end products that benefit from the unexpected properties of the silane-functionalized resins. Silane-functionalized resins impart remarkable properties on various rubber compositions, such as tires, belts, hoses, brakes, and the like. Automobile tires incorporating the silane-functionalized resins are shown to possess excellent results in balancing the properties of rolling resistance, tire wear, and wet braking performance.

Polar silane linkers are provided that attach to resins to form silane-functionalized resins. The functionalized resins can be bound to hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica particles to improve the dispersibility of the silica particles in rubber mixtures. Further disclosed are synthetic routes to provide the silane-functionalized resins, as well as various uses and end products that benefit from the unexpected properties of the silane-functionalized resins. Silane-functionalized resins impart remarkable properties on various rubber compositions, such as tires, belts, hoses, brakes, and the like. Automobile tires incorporating the silane-functionalized resins are shown to possess excellent results in balancing the properties of rolling resistance, tire wear, and wet braking performance.

Polar silane linkers are provided that attach to resins to form silane-functionalized resins. The functionalized resins can be bound to hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica particles to improve the dispersibility of the silica particles in rubber mixtures. Further disclosed are synthetic routes to provide the silane-functionalized resins, as well as various uses and end products that benefit from the unexpected properties of the silane-functionalized resins. Silane-functionalized resins impart remarkable properties on various rubber compositions, such as tires, belts, hoses, brakes, and the like. Automobile tires incorporating the silane-functionalized resins are shown to possess excellent results in balancing the properties of rolling resistance, tire wear, and wet braking performance.