A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Amphiphilic copolymers and compositions including amphiphilic copolymers. The amphiphilic copolymers include modified maleimide subunits, for example, as illustrated by the structures of Formula I.sup.A and Formula I.sup.B. The compositions form water-soluble complexes upon association with biological material wherein such biological material can include lipids or membrane proteins. Methods for producing, purifying, analyzing, and using the compositions and complexes are provided.

Amphiphilic copolymers and compositions including amphiphilic copolymers. The amphiphilic copolymers include modified maleimide subunits, for example, as illustrated by the structures of Formula I.sup.A and Formula I.sup.B. The compositions form water-soluble complexes upon association with biological material wherein such biological material can include lipids or membrane proteins. Methods for producing, purifying, analyzing, and using the compositions and complexes are provided.

The present invention provides a method of producing sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, including: a step (1) of heating polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur in a rotating-type heating container including a discharge pipe and a sulfur vapor recovery unit while rotating the rotating-type heating container; a step (2) of liquefying a sulfur vapor by the sulfur vapor recovery unit while discharging hydrogen sulfide generated in the heating step; and a step (3) of returning the liquefied sulfur to a mixture of the sulfur and the polyacrylonitrile of the step (1).

The present invention provides a method of producing sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, including: a step (1) of heating polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur in a rotating-type heating container including a discharge pipe and a sulfur vapor recovery unit while rotating the rotating-type heating container; a step (2) of liquefying a sulfur vapor by the sulfur vapor recovery unit while discharging hydrogen sulfide generated in the heating step; and a step (3) of returning the liquefied sulfur to a mixture of the sulfur and the polyacrylonitrile of the step (1).

The present invention provides a method of producing sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, including: a step (1) of heating polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur in a rotating-type heating container including a discharge pipe and a sulfur vapor recovery unit while rotating the rotating-type heating container; a step (2) of liquefying a sulfur vapor by the sulfur vapor recovery unit while discharging hydrogen sulfide generated in the heating step; and a step (3) of returning the liquefied sulfur to a mixture of the sulfur and the polyacrylonitrile of the step (1).

The present invention provides a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin that provides a molded article having excellent heat cycle characteristics and excellent weather resistance, as well as a resin composition for molding and a molded article each including the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin. Provided is a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin, containing two components including a A.sub.30 component and a B.sub.30 component, the A.sub.30 component and the B.sub.30 component being determined by measuring the resin by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 30° C. to give a free induction decay curve of .sup.1H spin-spin relaxation, and subjecting the free induction decay curve to waveform separation into two curves derived from the A.sub.30 component and the B.sub.30 component in order of shorter relaxation time using the least square method, and having a ratio of T5.sub.B to T.sub.B [T5.sub.B/T.sub.B] of 96% or more and 120% or less, where T.sub.B is a relaxation time of the B.sub.30 component and T5.sub.B is a relaxation time of the B.sub.30 component after heating at 200° C. for five minutes.

The present invention provides a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin that provides a molded article having excellent heat cycle characteristics and excellent weather resistance, as well as a resin composition for molding and a molded article each including the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin. Provided is a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin, containing two components including a A.sub.30 component and a B.sub.30 component, the A.sub.30 component and the B.sub.30 component being determined by measuring the resin by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 30° C. to give a free induction decay curve of .sup.1H spin-spin relaxation, and subjecting the free induction decay curve to waveform separation into two curves derived from the A.sub.30 component and the B.sub.30 component in order of shorter relaxation time using the least square method, and having a ratio of T5.sub.B to T.sub.B [T5.sub.B/T.sub.B] of 96% or more and 120% or less, where T.sub.B is a relaxation time of the B.sub.30 component and T5.sub.B is a relaxation time of the B.sub.30 component after heating at 200° C. for five minutes.