A method for producing a click-active Janus particle includes combining seed particles with a monomer emulsion to obtain monomer-swollen seed particles; and polymerizing the monomer-swollen seed particles to obtain click-active Janus particles. A method for functionalizing a click-active Janus particle includes combining seed particles with a monomer emulsion to obtain monomer-swollen seed particles; polymerizing the monomer-swollen seed particles to obtain click-active Janus particles; and functionalizing the click-active Janus particles using one or more click chemistry reactions.

Methods of post-polymerization modification of a polymer are provided herein. The present methods comprise the step of reacting a polymer with at least one nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction performed without a solvent to produce a functionalized polymer. The nucleophile can be selected from the group consisting of thioacetate, phenoxide, alkoxide, carboxylate, thiolate, thiocarboxylate, dithiocarboxylate, thiourea, thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, xanthate, thiocyanate. Nucleophilic substitution reaction can be performed in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Nucleophilic substitution reaction can also be performed via a two-step in-situ reactive mixing process with the initial formation of the polymer-amine ionomer (polymer-NR.sub.3.sup.+Br) which catalyzes the subsequent nucleophilic substitution with a second nucleophile to form a bi-functional polymer.

Methods of post-polymerization modification of a polymer are provided herein. The present methods comprise the step of reacting a polymer with at least one nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction performed without a solvent to produce a functionalized polymer. The nucleophile can be selected from the group consisting of thioacetate, phenoxide, alkoxide, carboxylate, thiolate, thiocarboxylate, dithiocarboxylate, thiourea, thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, xanthate, thiocyanate. Nucleophilic substitution reaction can be performed in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Nucleophilic substitution reaction can also be performed via a two-step in-situ reactive mixing process with the initial formation of the polymer-amine ionomer (polymer-NR.sub.3.sup.+Br) which catalyzes the subsequent nucleophilic substitution with a second nucleophile to form a bi-functional polymer.

Methods of post-polymerization modification of a polymer are provided herein. The present methods comprise the step of reacting a polymer with at least one nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction performed without a solvent to produce a functionalized polymer. The nucleophile can be selected from the group consisting of thioacetate, phenoxide, alkoxide, carboxylate, thiolate, thiocarboxylate, dithiocarboxylate, thiourea, thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, xanthate, thiocyanate. Nucleophilic substitution reaction can be performed in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Nucleophilic substitution reaction can also be performed via a two-step in-situ reactive mixing process with the initial formation of the polymer-amine ionomer (polymer-NR.sub.3.sup.+Br) which catalyzes the subsequent nucleophilic substitution with a second nucleophile to form a bi-functional polymer.

The present invention provides a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin that provides a molded article having excellent heat cycle characteristics and excellent weather resistance, as well as a resin composition for molding and a molded article each including the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin. Provided is a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin having an average of a ratio (A/B) of a peak intensity A observed in a range of 300 to 340 cm-.sup.1 to a peak intensity B observed in a range of 1,450 to 1,550 cm.sup.-1 of 3.5 to 40.0 in Raman imaging measurement by Raman spectroscopy.

The present invention provides a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin that provides a molded article having excellent heat cycle characteristics and excellent weather resistance, as well as a resin composition for molding and a molded article each including the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin. Provided is a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin having an average of a ratio (A/B) of a peak intensity A observed in a range of 300 to 340 cm-.sup.1 to a peak intensity B observed in a range of 1,450 to 1,550 cm.sup.-1 of 3.5 to 40.0 in Raman imaging measurement by Raman spectroscopy.

The present invention provides a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin that enables the production of a molded article that maintains high adhesion strength even when used in a form subjected to high pressure and is less susceptible to defects such as cracks due to insufficient strength, as well as a resin composition for molding and a molded article each including the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin. Provided is a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin, containing two components including a A.sub.30 component and a B.sub.30 component, the A.sub.30 component and the B.sub.30 component being determined by measuring the resin by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 30° C. to give a free induction decay curve of .sup.1H spin-spin relaxation, and subjecting the free induction decay curve to waveform separation into two curves derived from the A.sub.30 component and the B.sub.30 component in order of shorter relaxation time using the least square method, and having a ratio of T5.sub.B to T.sub.B [T5.sub.B/T.sub.B] of 76% or more and less than 96%, where T.sub.B is a relaxation time of the B.sub.30 component and T5.sub.B is a relaxation time of the B.sub.30 component after heating at 200° C. for five minutes.

The present invention provides a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin that enables the production of a molded article that maintains high adhesion strength even when used in a form subjected to high pressure and is less susceptible to defects such as cracks due to insufficient strength, as well as a resin composition for molding and a molded article each including the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin. Provided is a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin, containing two components including a A.sub.30 component and a B.sub.30 component, the A.sub.30 component and the B.sub.30 component being determined by measuring the resin by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 30° C. to give a free induction decay curve of .sup.1H spin-spin relaxation, and subjecting the free induction decay curve to waveform separation into two curves derived from the A.sub.30 component and the B.sub.30 component in order of shorter relaxation time using the least square method, and having a ratio of T5.sub.B to T.sub.B [T5.sub.B/T.sub.B] of 76% or more and less than 96%, where T.sub.B is a relaxation time of the B.sub.30 component and T5.sub.B is a relaxation time of the B.sub.30 component after heating at 200° C. for five minutes.

Compositions and methods for determining the origin location of a subterranean sample are provided. Compositions include a polymer-clay composite tag. The tag includes a nanoclay including a plurality of layers, and a polymer intercalated between the layers of the nanoclay. The polymer is functionalized with a fluorescent dye. A method to determine the origin location of a subterranean sample includes mixing a barcoded polymer-clay composite tag into a fluid, flowing the fluid through a work string into a subterranean formation, recovering subterranean samples from the subterranean formation, and determining the origin location of the subterranean sample by detecting the presence of the barcoded polymer-clay composite tag.

Compositions and methods for determining the origin location of a subterranean sample are provided. Compositions include a polymer-clay composite tag. The tag includes a nanoclay including a plurality of layers, and a polymer intercalated between the layers of the nanoclay. The polymer is functionalized with a fluorescent dye. A method to determine the origin location of a subterranean sample includes mixing a barcoded polymer-clay composite tag into a fluid, flowing the fluid through a work string into a subterranean formation, recovering subterranean samples from the subterranean formation, and determining the origin location of the subterranean sample by detecting the presence of the barcoded polymer-clay composite tag.