The present disclosure relates to radiopaque PVA polymers where the PVA has a first pendant group and a second pendant group, wherein the first pendant group comprises a first phenyl group bearing 1 to 5 iodine atoms, and the second pendant group comprises either (a) a second phenyl group bearing 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group W and optionally 1 to 4 iodine substituents, the group(s) W and the optional iodines being the sole substituents of the second phenyl group. Each W is selected from —OH, —COOH, —SO.sub.3H, —OPO.sub.3H.sub.2, —O—(C.sub.1-4alkyl), —O—(C.sub.1-4alkyl)OH, —O—(C.sub.1-4alkyl)R.sup.2, —O—(C.sub.2H.sub.5O).sub.qR.sup.1 —(C═O)—O— C.sub.1-4alkyl and —O—(C═O)C.sub.1-4alkyl; wherein R.sup.1 is H or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; R.sup.2 is —COOH, —SO.sub.3H, or —OPO.sub.3H.sub.2; q is an integer from 1 to 4; wherein the group W may be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; or (b) a pyridyl group; which is optionally in the form of a pyridinium ion.

Processes for making saturated isomerized polyalphaolefm by concurrently isomerizing and hydrogenating unsaturated polyalphaolefm in the presence of a high activity catalyst. Such processes can include contacting at least one unsaturated polyalphaolefm with a catalyst capable of both isomerizing and hydrogenating the polyalphaolefm, wherein the catalyst includes a zeolite or mesoporous material, the zeolite having a silica to alumina mole ratio of from about 5 to about 100 and an alpha value of from about 10 to about 1,000, and the mesoporous material having a collidine uptake of from about 100 μμmoles/g to about 500 μmoles/g, wherein a Group VIB to VIIIB metal is incorporated in the catalyst at a concentration of from about 0.01 wt % to about 60.00 wt %, and wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of ZSM-48, ZSM-23, ZSM-12, ZSM-35, ZSM-11, ZSM-57, Beta zeolite, Mordenite zeolite, USY zeolite, zeolite having a MWW framework, and combinations thereof.

Processes for making saturated isomerized polyalphaolefm by concurrently isomerizing and hydrogenating unsaturated polyalphaolefm in the presence of a high activity catalyst. Such processes can include contacting at least one unsaturated polyalphaolefm with a catalyst capable of both isomerizing and hydrogenating the polyalphaolefm, wherein the catalyst includes a zeolite or mesoporous material, the zeolite having a silica to alumina mole ratio of from about 5 to about 100 and an alpha value of from about 10 to about 1,000, and the mesoporous material having a collidine uptake of from about 100 μμmoles/g to about 500 μmoles/g, wherein a Group VIB to VIIIB metal is incorporated in the catalyst at a concentration of from about 0.01 wt % to about 60.00 wt %, and wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of ZSM-48, ZSM-23, ZSM-12, ZSM-35, ZSM-11, ZSM-57, Beta zeolite, Mordenite zeolite, USY zeolite, zeolite having a MWW framework, and combinations thereof.

Provided is a polymer composition having sufficient heat resistance and optical characteristics. Disclosed is a polymer composition comprising a polymer containing a monomer unit having a ring structure, wherein the polymer composition is, for instance, polymer composition A containing a polymer of a monomer having a ring structure, and when a flat plate of 120 mm×100 mm×3.0 mm in thickness is molded from the polymer composition under the following injection molding conditions of: (1) using a non-vent-type injection molding machine; (2) using a cold runner mold; (3) having a cylinder temperature of 260° C.; and (4) having a ratio of an injection volume of the injection molding machine to a molded product volume of 4.5, a difference between a monomer content in the flat plate obtained at a cooling time of 5 min and a monomer content in the flat plate obtained at a cooling time of 1 min is 1000 ppm by mass or more and 12000 ppm by mass or less.

Provided is a polymer composition having sufficient heat resistance and optical characteristics. Disclosed is a polymer composition comprising a polymer containing a monomer unit having a ring structure, wherein the polymer composition is, for instance, polymer composition A containing a polymer of a monomer having a ring structure, and when a flat plate of 120 mm×100 mm×3.0 mm in thickness is molded from the polymer composition under the following injection molding conditions of: (1) using a non-vent-type injection molding machine; (2) using a cold runner mold; (3) having a cylinder temperature of 260° C.; and (4) having a ratio of an injection volume of the injection molding machine to a molded product volume of 4.5, a difference between a monomer content in the flat plate obtained at a cooling time of 5 min and a monomer content in the flat plate obtained at a cooling time of 1 min is 1000 ppm by mass or more and 12000 ppm by mass or less.

Provided is a polymer composition having sufficient heat resistance and optical characteristics. Disclosed is a polymer composition comprising a polymer containing a monomer unit having a ring structure, wherein the polymer composition is, for instance, polymer composition A containing a polymer of a monomer having a ring structure, and when a flat plate of 120 mm×100 mm×3.0 mm in thickness is molded from the polymer composition under the following injection molding conditions of: (1) using a non-vent-type injection molding machine; (2) using a cold runner mold; (3) having a cylinder temperature of 260° C.; and (4) having a ratio of an injection volume of the injection molding machine to a molded product volume of 4.5, a difference between a monomer content in the flat plate obtained at a cooling time of 5 min and a monomer content in the flat plate obtained at a cooling time of 1 min is 1000 ppm by mass or more and 12000 ppm by mass or less.

A composition includes a polymer and a solvent. The polymer includes: a structural unit including a ring structure; and a functional group capable of bonding to a metal atom. An atom chain constituting the ring structure constitutes a part of a main chain of the polymer. The polymer preferably includes at an end of the main chain or at an end of a side chain, a group including the functional group. The functional group is preferably a cyano group, a phosphono group, or a dihydroxyboryl group. The ring structure preferably includes an alicyclic structure.

A graphene-based membrane and a method of producing the same are disclosed. The graphene-based membrane may include a graphene-polymer composite, wherein the graphene-polymer composite may consist of an amine functionalized graphene and a polymer containing an anhydride group as a linker for linking the amine functionalized graphene to the polymer. The graphene-based membrane may be constructed of a single-layer. A method may include reacting a polymer containing an anhydride with an amine functionalized graphene in presence of a solvent to form an intermediate product; and thermal imidizing the intermediate product to form a graphene grafted polymer composite for use in fabricating a graphene-based membrane.

A graphene-based membrane and a method of producing the same are disclosed. The graphene-based membrane may include a graphene-polymer composite, wherein the graphene-polymer composite may consist of an amine functionalized graphene and a polymer containing an anhydride group as a linker for linking the amine functionalized graphene to the polymer. The graphene-based membrane may be constructed of a single-layer. A method may include reacting a polymer containing an anhydride with an amine functionalized graphene in presence of a solvent to form an intermediate product; and thermal imidizing the intermediate product to form a graphene grafted polymer composite for use in fabricating a graphene-based membrane.

A graphene-based membrane and a method of producing the same are disclosed. The graphene-based membrane may include a graphene-polymer composite, wherein the graphene-polymer composite may consist of an amine functionalized graphene and a polymer containing an anhydride group as a linker for linking the amine functionalized graphene to the polymer. The graphene-based membrane may be constructed of a single-layer. A method may include reacting a polymer containing an anhydride with an amine functionalized graphene in presence of a solvent to form an intermediate product; and thermal imidizing the intermediate product to form a graphene grafted polymer composite for use in fabricating a graphene-based membrane.