Provided are: a polymer film of which film strength is difficult to be degraded and which has a lower reflectance, even when an additive is used, and an optical member, a polarizing member, and a display device employing the same. A low refractive index layer (the polymer film 13) includes a binder 132 including a product obtained by photopolymerizing a mixture of a side-chain-reactive photopolymerizable fluoropolymer and a siloxane compound. Further, the low refractive index layer 13 includes hollow silica particles 131 distributed in the binder 132. Further, the low refractive index layer 13 includes a product obtained by photopolymerizing a one-end reactive-type photopolymerizable fluoropolymer, and a modified silicone, which are mainly distributed in a surface side.

A method of producing fibers, includes placing a composition that includes one or more fluoropolymers in the body of a fiber producing device and rotating the device at a speed sufficient to eject material from the fiber producing device to form fluoropolymer microfibers and/or nanofibers.

Composition including (a) a fluoropolymer; and (b1) at least one of a compound represented by the formula (4) ((H(CF.sub.2).sub.7COO).sub.pM.sup.1) or the formula (4) ((H(CF.sub.2).sub.8COO).sub.pM.sup.1) of the present disclosure, both respectively in an amount of 100 ppb or less relative to the fluoropolymer, or (b2) at least one of a compound represented by the formula (5) ((H(CF.sub.2).sub.13COO).sub.pM.sup.1) or the formula (5) ((H(CF.sub.2).sub.14COO).sub.pM.sup.1) of the present disclose, both respectively in an amount of 100 ppb or less relative to the fluoropolymer.

Composition including (a) a fluoropolymer; and (b1) at least one of a compound represented by the formula (4) ((H(CF.sub.2).sub.7COO).sub.pM.sup.1) or the formula (4) ((H(CF.sub.2).sub.8COO).sub.pM.sup.1) of the present disclosure, both respectively in an amount of 100 ppb or less relative to the fluoropolymer, or (b2) at least one of a compound represented by the formula (5) ((H(CF.sub.2).sub.13COO).sub.pM.sup.1) or the formula (5) ((H(CF.sub.2).sub.14COO).sub.pM.sup.1) of the present disclose, both respectively in an amount of 100 ppb or less relative to the fluoropolymer.

Provided is a polymerization tank that enables efficient withdrawal of a reaction mixture containing a particulate fluorine-containing polymer and water from the polymerization tank. A polymerization tank for polymerizing at least a fluorine-containing monomer through suspension polymerization in a reaction mixture that contains water to obtain a particulate fluorine-containing polymer, where the polymerization tank has a side wall, a conical sloped bottom positioned below the side wall, and a withdrawal port for the reaction mixture positioned at the lower apex of the conical sloped bottom; and the apex angle of the conical sloped bottom is 90-120? inclusive.

Provided is a polymerization tank that enables efficient withdrawal of a reaction mixture containing a particulate fluorine-containing polymer and water from the polymerization tank. A polymerization tank for polymerizing at least a fluorine-containing monomer through suspension polymerization in a reaction mixture that contains water to obtain a particulate fluorine-containing polymer, where the polymerization tank has a side wall, a conical sloped bottom positioned below the side wall, and a withdrawal port for the reaction mixture positioned at the lower apex of the conical sloped bottom; and the apex angle of the conical sloped bottom is 90-120? inclusive.

The present invention provides a polymerizable liquid crystal composition including a specific polymerizable compound and a fluorosurfactant having a pentaerythritol skeleton or a dipentaerythritol skeleton in the molecule. In addition, an optically anisotropic body, a phase difference film, an antireflection film, and a liquid crystal display device, which are produced by using the polymerizable liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, are provided. The present invention is useful because three properties, that is, leveling properties of the surface of an optically anisotropic body, offset to a base material, and alignment properties of a liquid crystal can be improved at the same time in the case where the optically anisotropic body is produced by photopolymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.

There is provided an article comprising, a substrate having a charged surface; and a polymer layer on said substrate surface; wherein said polymer layer comprises, a crosslinked sublayer comprising charged moieties having a charge opposite to that of said charged surface; and a supra-layer comprising polymer chains grafted from the sublayer and extending away from said substrate surface. Preferably the polymer chains are polymer brushes.

There is provided an article comprising, a substrate having a charged surface; and a polymer layer on said substrate surface; wherein said polymer layer comprises, a crosslinked sublayer comprising charged moieties having a charge opposite to that of said charged surface; and a supra-layer comprising polymer chains grafted from the sublayer and extending away from said substrate surface. Preferably the polymer chains are polymer brushes.

The purpose of the present invention is to obtain a fluorine-containing compound which is easily stabilized without irradiation of ultraviolet light, by efficiently converting a CI bond in an iodine-containing compound having a group represented by CFRfI (wherein Rf is a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group) to a CH bond. A method for producing a fluorine-containing compound having an iodine atom content reduced than the following iodine-containing compound, which comprises subjecting an iodine-containing compound having a group represented by CFRfI (wherein Rf is a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group) to deiodinating treatment in the presence of an organic peroxide and a hydrogen-containing compound having a group represented by CHR.sup.1CHR.sup.2CHR.sup.3 (wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group).