Acido-basic properties of a system containing a polymer obtained by decomposing by oxidative cleavage of a carbon-carbon double bond, and a trifunctional molecule having an alkoxysilyl group in the structure as represented by the formula (A) are changed such that the system is changed into a basic system when the system is acidic and the system is changed into an acidic system when the system is basic to combine the decomposed polymer and the trifunctional molecule, thereby introducing the alkoxysilyl group into the main chain. Furthermore, acido-basic properties of a system containing a polymer obtained by decomposing by oxidative cleavage of a carbon-carbon double bond to decrease the molecular weight, and a functional molecule having an alkoxysilyl group as represented by the formula (a) are changed in the same manner as above to combine the decomposed polymer and the functional molecule, thereby introducing the alkoxysilyl group in a molecular terminal. ##STR00001##

An immersion upper layer film-forming composition includes [A] a polymer component that includes a polymer (A1), and [B] a solvent, the polymer (A1) including a structural unit (I) that includes a group represented by the following formula (i). The structural unit (I) is preferably a structural unit (I-1) represented by the following formula (1). The polymer component [A] preferably further includes a structural unit (II-1) represented by the following formula (2), the structural unit (II-1) being included in the polymer (A1) or a polymer other than the polymer (A1). The polymer component [A] preferably further includes a structural unit (III) that includes a carboxyl group, the structural unit (III) being included in the polymer (A1) or a polymer other than the polymer (A1). ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to photoactive resins employed in radiation curable compositions and ink. The radiation curable compositions include mono or multi-functional acrylates, an amine and the above-mentioned photoactive resin. Radiation curable inks at least include the components of the radiation curable composition in addition to colorants.

The present invention is directed to photoactive resins employed in radiation curable compositions and ink. The radiation curable compositions include mono or multi-functional acrylates, an amine and the above-mentioned photoactive resin. Radiation curable inks at least include the components of the radiation curable composition in addition to colorants.

A quinone-containing polymer includes repeating units of at least one of Formulas (I) to (IV) or a hydrogenated derivative thereof, as defined herein. Methods of manufacturing the quinone-containing polymer are also disclosed. The quinone-containing polymer can be useful in composites, electrode assemblies, electrochemical cells, gas separation systems, energy storage devices, and electrochromic devices.

A quinone-containing polymer includes repeating units of at least one of Formulas (I) to (IV) or a hydrogenated derivative thereof, as defined herein. Methods of manufacturing the quinone-containing polymer are also disclosed. The quinone-containing polymer can be useful in composites, electrode assemblies, electrochemical cells, gas separation systems, energy storage devices, and electrochromic devices.

A polymerizable system includes a curable composition and one or more encapsulated initiator particles. The curable composition can include one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds and the encapsulated initiator particles can include one or more polymerization initiators encapsulated by a cured composition. The cured composition includes one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds.

The present teachings show that it is possible to polymerize 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds in an emulsion (for example using a water based carrier liquid), despite the possible reactions between the monomer and water. Polymerization of 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds in an emulsion provides opportunities to better control the polymerization compared with bulk polymerization. The emulsion polymerization techniques can be employed for preparing homopolymers, copolymers (e.g., random copolymers), and block copolymers.

A photo-alignment polymer, a binder composition, a binder layer, an optical laminate, an optical laminate manufacturing method, and an image display device, in which the liquid crystal alignment properties of an optically-anisotropic layer provided on an upper layer can be improved. The photo-alignment polymer including a repeating unit A having a photo-aligned group, and a repeating unit B, in which the repeating unit B is a repeating unit represented by Formula (1) or a repeating unit having a polymer chain including the repeating unit represented by Formula (1).

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A photo-alignment polymer, a binder composition, a binder layer, an optical laminate, an optical laminate manufacturing method, and an image display device, in which the liquid crystal alignment properties of an optically-anisotropic layer provided on an upper layer can be improved. The photo-alignment polymer including a repeating unit A having a photo-aligned group, and a repeating unit B, in which the repeating unit B is a repeating unit represented by Formula (1) or a repeating unit having a polymer chain including the repeating unit represented by Formula (1).

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