Provided is a process for preparing an alcoholic solution of a polyvinylpyridine polymer having biocidal and biocompatibility properties. The alcoholic solution is ready-to-graft in order to confer biocidal properties to various surfaces and to prevent biofilm formation on such surfaces. Also provided are methods of using the alcoholic solution, such as for controlling the growth of bacteria, fungi and/or viruses, and/or for preventing digestion of wood cellulose by wood-boring insects.

Provided is a process for preparing an alcoholic solution of a polyvinylpyridine polymer having biocidal and biocompatibility properties. The alcoholic solution is ready-to-graft in order to confer biocidal properties to various surfaces and to prevent biofilm formation on such surfaces. Also provided are methods of using the alcoholic solution, such as for controlling the growth of bacteria, fungi and/or viruses, and/or for preventing digestion of wood cellulose by wood-boring insects.

The invention aims to provide a crosslinked polymer having excellent moisture retention properties, an excellent ethanol absorption capacity, excellent adhesiveness to the skin when applied to the skin as a cosmetic, and a high concentration of an effective component. The invention relates to a N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer including: a structural unit derived from a N-vinyl lactam; and a structural unit derived from a crosslinking agent, the N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer having an ethanol absorption capacity of 3 to 40 g per 1 g of the N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer, the N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer containing a particle having an aspect ratio determined by the following method of 1.15 to 10 in a proportion of 10% to 100% (by number) of the total number of the N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer and having a proportion of an extractable of 35 mass % or less in 100 mass % of the entire polymer, the method being “method of measuring aspect ratio” in which the aspect ratio is determined as a value obtained by measuring the major and minor axes of a primary particle of the N-vinyl lactam-based cross-linked polymer with an optical or electron microscope and dividing the major axis by the minor axis.

The invention aims to provide a crosslinked polymer having excellent moisture retention properties, an excellent ethanol absorption capacity, excellent adhesiveness to the skin when applied to the skin as a cosmetic, and a high concentration of an effective component. The invention relates to a N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer including: a structural unit derived from a N-vinyl lactam; and a structural unit derived from a crosslinking agent, the N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer having an ethanol absorption capacity of 3 to 40 g per 1 g of the N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer, the N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer containing a particle having an aspect ratio determined by the following method of 1.15 to 10 in a proportion of 10% to 100% (by number) of the total number of the N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer and having a proportion of an extractable of 35 mass % or less in 100 mass % of the entire polymer, the method being “method of measuring aspect ratio” in which the aspect ratio is determined as a value obtained by measuring the major and minor axes of a primary particle of the N-vinyl lactam-based cross-linked polymer with an optical or electron microscope and dividing the major axis by the minor axis.

The present invention provides a new class of thermosetting ring-opening metathesis polymerization materials based on norbornene and oxanorbornene dicarboximide moieties containing at least one acetal ester group linkage. The acetal ester group is degradable when subjected to heat or acidic aqueous hydrolysis. The polymerization materials can be used in reworkable thermosetting compositions. R1-Rs, X, and n are defined herein. ##STR00001##

A solid polymer electrolyte including a cross-linked ionic liquid (IL) matrix having functional group capable of interacting with lithium ions; polymerizable PEM formulations containing polymerizable ionic liquid (IL) materials (monomers) having functional group capable of interacting with lithium ions and a reactive polymerizable functional group capable of crosslinking; electrolytes prepared from a polymerizable formulation including a lithium conducting salt, a plasticizer, a cross-linker, and a polymerizable IL compound that contains at least one functional group capable of interacting with lithium ions and a reactive polymerizable functional group capable of crosslinking; electrochemical cells containing the electrolytes incorporating these solid PEMs containing the polymerized ionic liquid (IL) materials; and methods thereof are disclosed.

A solid polymer electrolyte including a cross-linked ionic liquid (IL) matrix having functional group capable of interacting with lithium ions; polymerizable PEM formulations containing polymerizable ionic liquid (IL) materials (monomers) having functional group capable of interacting with lithium ions and a reactive polymerizable functional group capable of crosslinking; electrolytes prepared from a polymerizable formulation including a lithium conducting salt, a plasticizer, a cross-linker, and a polymerizable IL compound that contains at least one functional group capable of interacting with lithium ions and a reactive polymerizable functional group capable of crosslinking; electrochemical cells containing the electrolytes incorporating these solid PEMs containing the polymerized ionic liquid (IL) materials; and methods thereof are disclosed.

The invention aims to provide a crosslinked polymer having an excellent liquid absorption capacity and sufficient gel-pulverizability. The invention relates to a N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer including: a structural unit derived from a N-vinyl lactam-based monomer; and a structural unit derived from triallyl cyanurate, the N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer containing the structural unit derived from triallyl cyanurate in a ratio of 0.12 to 0.48 mol % to 100 mol % of all structural units.

The invention aims to provide a crosslinked polymer having an excellent liquid absorption capacity and sufficient gel-pulverizability. The invention relates to a N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer including: a structural unit derived from a N-vinyl lactam-based monomer; and a structural unit derived from triallyl cyanurate, the N-vinyl lactam-based crosslinked polymer containing the structural unit derived from triallyl cyanurate in a ratio of 0.12 to 0.48 mol % to 100 mol % of all structural units.

Provided are a resist underlayer composition including a polymer having a ring backbone including two or more nitrogen atoms in a ring, a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, and a solvent; and a method of forming patterns using the resist underlayer composition:

##STR00001##

The definitions of Chemical Formula 1 are as described in the detailed description.