An organic optoelectronic device comprises an active layer comprising a conjugated polymer material which comprises a structure of Formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein

##STR00002##

, and X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently selected from the groups consisting of: N, CH and -CR.sup.1. A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are the same or different electron-withdrawing groups, and A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are not simultaneously the same as A.sup.1. D.sup.1, D.sup.2 and D.sup.3 are electron-donating group. sp.sup.1 to sp.sup.6 are independently selected from aromatic ring and heterocyclic ring. a, b and c are real numbers, and 0 < a ≦1, 0 ≦b ≦1, 0 ≦c ≦1, a+b+c=1. d, e, f, g, h and i are independently selected from 0, 1 and 2. The organic optoelectronic device of the present invention has adjustable energy gap, and can be a high-performance OPV or a high-detectivity OPD.

An organic optoelectronic device comprises an active layer comprising a conjugated polymer material which comprises a structure of Formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein

##STR00002##

, and X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently selected from the groups consisting of: N, CH and -CR.sup.1. A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are the same or different electron-withdrawing groups, and A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are not simultaneously the same as A.sup.1. D.sup.1, D.sup.2 and D.sup.3 are electron-donating group. sp.sup.1 to sp.sup.6 are independently selected from aromatic ring and heterocyclic ring. a, b and c are real numbers, and 0 < a ≦1, 0 ≦b ≦1, 0 ≦c ≦1, a+b+c=1. d, e, f, g, h and i are independently selected from 0, 1 and 2. The organic optoelectronic device of the present invention has adjustable energy gap, and can be a high-performance OPV or a high-detectivity OPD.

There is provided a method for introducing a temperature-sensitive probe comprising a copolymer, which comprises a thermoresponsive unit and a fluorescent unit, into a cell, and the method using the copolymer further comprising a cationic unit as the temperature-sensitive probe, and the method comprising the step of mixing the copolymer with the cell in a solvent. The copolymer can be preferably used as a fluorescence temperature sensor which measures intracellular temperature since the copolymer has a cationic group and thus enters into a cell without using a special method.

A polymer includes a repeating unit represented by at least one of Formula 1a or Formula 1b: ##STR00001## wherein, in Formulae 1a or 1b, CY.sub.1 is a group represented by at least one of Formula 1-2 or Formula 1-4, CY.sub.2 is a group represented by Formula 1-3, and L.sub.1, L.sub.2, a1, and a2 are defined the same as in the specification, and ##STR00002## in Formulae 1-2, Formula 1-3, or 1-4, X, Y, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14, b1, b2, R.sub.21, R.sub.22, b21, b22, Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, c1, and c2 are defined the same as in the specification.

A polymer includes a repeating unit represented by at least one of Formula 1a or Formula 1b: ##STR00001## wherein, in Formulae 1a or 1b, CY.sub.1 is a group represented by at least one of Formula 1-2 or Formula 1-4, CY.sub.2 is a group represented by Formula 1-3, and L.sub.1, L.sub.2, a1, and a2 are defined the same as in the specification, and ##STR00002## in Formulae 1-2, Formula 1-3, or 1-4, X, Y, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14, b1, b2, R.sub.21, R.sub.22, b21, b22, Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, c1, and c2 are defined the same as in the specification.

The present teachings are directed at 1,1-disubstituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

The present teachings are directed at 1,1-disubstituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

The present invention pertains to: a polymerizable compound represented by a formula (I); a polymerizable composition comprising the polymerizable compound and an initiator; a polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable compound or the polymerizable composition; and an optically anisotropic article comprising the polymer. The present invention provides a polymerizable compound, a polymerizable composition, and a polymer that have a practical low melting point, exhibit excellent solubility in a general-purpose solvent, can be produced at low cost, and can produce an optical film that achieves uniform conversion of polarized light over a wide wavelength band, and also provide an optically anisotropic article.

The present invention relates to polymers comprising one or more (repeating) unit(s) of the formula (I), and compounds of formula (III), wherein Y, Y.sup.15, Y.sup.16 and Y.sup.17 are independently of each other a group of formula and their use as IR absorber, organic semiconductor in organic devices, especially in organic photovoltaics and photodiodes, or in a device containing a diode and/or an organic field effect transistor. The polymers and compounds according to the invention can have excellent solubility in organic solvents and excellent film-forming properties. In addition, high efficiency of energy conversion, excellent field-effect mobility, good on/off current ratios and/or excellent stability can be observed, when the polymers and compounds according to the invention are used in organic field effect transistors, organic photovoltaics and photodiodes. ##STR00001##

A π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic oligomer-containing vinyl monomer is generally provided, which can include a polymerizable group, a linker group, and a π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic side chain. The π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic side chain includes a first cyclopentadiene ring covalently attached to the linder group, a set of second cyclopentadiene rings covalently attached to the first cyclopentadiene ring, and a third cyclopentadiene ring positioned at a terminal end of the π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic side chain such that the set of second cyclopentadiene rings is positioned between the first cyclopentadiene ring and the third cyclopentadiene ring. Methods are also provided for forming a polymer via polymerizing the π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic oligomer-containing vinyl monomer, and for grafting a π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic oligomer-containing polymer onto a surface of a nanomaterial.