The invention relates to a cross-linking monomer with at least one sulfur atom, representable by a structure of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein the symbols have the following meaning: L.sup.1 is a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms; an aromatic or heteroaromatic group with 4 to 12 carbon atoms or a group with 6 to 14 carbon atoms, which comprises at least one saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic and/or heteroaliphatic residue and at least one aromatic and/or heteroaromatic residue, wherein the phosphorus atom is directly bonded with a carbon atom; V.sup.1 is a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group with 2 to 50 carbon atoms; an aromatic or heteroaromatic group with 5 to 50 carbon atoms or a group with 6 to 50 carbon atoms, which comprises at least one saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic and/or heteroaliphatic residue and at least one aromatic and/or heteroaromatic residue; X.sup.1 is the same or different, O or NR.sup.3, each time it occurs; R.sup.1 is H or a hydrolyzable group; R.sup.2 is H or an alkyl residue with 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is H or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the sulfur atom in the structure according to formula (I) is separated from group X.sup.1 by a maximum of 12 bonds, which group is spaced from the sulfur atom by the lowest number of bonds, wherein double bonds or triple bonds are counted as a single bond.

Non-halogenated monomers that can be polymerized into flame retardant polymers, and processes to produce the monomers and polymers is provided. In a simplest aspect, there is provided a monomer composition that can comprise a) a group derived from one of a (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylamide, or vinylbenzene, b) a polyphosphate moiety, and c) an amine species. In the monomer composition, the ethylenically unsaturated monomer of (a) is covalently bonded directly or through a linking group to the moiety of b), forming a precursor monomer unit. The amine species of c) is in complex with the precursor monomer unit. The polymer can be a homopolymer of the monomer composition, or a copolymer of the monomer composition having varying a), b) and c). In one embodiment, the polymer can additionally comprise ethylenically unsaturated monomers not covalently bonded to a polyphosphate moiety and/or can be cross-linked with a cross-linking agent such as resorcinol.

Non-halogenated monomers that can be polymerized into flame retardant polymers, and processes to produce the monomers and polymers is provided. In a simplest aspect, there is provided a monomer composition that can comprise a) a group derived from one of a (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylamide, or vinylbenzene, b) a polyphosphate moiety, and c) an amine species. In the monomer composition, the ethylenically unsaturated monomer of (a) is covalently bonded directly or through a linking group to the moiety of b), forming a precursor monomer unit. The amine species of c) is in complex with the precursor monomer unit. The polymer can be a homopolymer of the monomer composition, or a copolymer of the monomer composition having varying a), b) and c). In one embodiment, the polymer can additionally comprise ethylenically unsaturated monomers not covalently bonded to a polyphosphate moiety and/or can be cross-linked with a cross-linking agent such as resorcinol.

An aqueous curable composition includes a water-soluble photopolymerization initiator having a structure in which one or more carbonyl groups further directly bond to an aromatic ring of an aromatic acyl group that bonds to a phosphorus atom in an acylphosphine oxide structure, water, and a polymerizable compound. A novel water-soluble photopolymerization initiator is a compound represented by formula 1-1 or formula 2-1.

##STR00001##

A process of forming a resveratrol-based flame retardant small molecule with a phosphonate/phosphinate molecule that includes a chloride group and a terminal functional group.

A process of forming a resveratrol-based flame retardant small molecule with a phosphonate/phosphinate molecule that includes a chloride group and a terminal functional group.

Synthesis of phosphonium based polymers is disclosed. Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) slurries comprise abrasives; activator; oxidizing agent; additive comprising phosphonium based polymers; and water. The use of the synthesized phosphonium based polymers in the CMP slurries reduces dishing and erosion in highly selective tungsten slurries.

Synthesis of phosphonium based polymers is disclosed. Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) slurries comprise abrasives; activator; oxidizing agent; additive comprising phosphonium based polymers; and water. The use of the synthesized phosphonium based polymers in the CMP slurries reduces dishing and erosion in highly selective tungsten slurries.

A process of forming a resveratrol-based flame retardant small molecule with a phosphonate/phosphinate molecule that includes a chloride group and a terminal functional group.

A process of forming a resveratrol-based flame retardant small molecule with a phosphonate/phosphinate molecule that includes a chloride group and a terminal functional group.