Cross-linked polyvinyl polymers comprising charged groups and methods of making arc disclosed. The polymers are effective and durable adsorbent of dyes from aqueous solutions. Also. a method of removal of dyes from contaminated water is disclosed.

A poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA)-(NH.sub.4).sub.2MoO.sub.4), gel polymer electrolyte can be prepared by incorporating redox-mediated Mo, or similar metal, into a PVPA, or similar polymer, matrix. Gel polymer electrolytes including PVPA/MoX, x representing the percent fraction Mo in PVPA, can be used to make supercapacitors including active carbon electrodes. The electrolytes can be in gel form, bendable and stretchable in a device. Devices including this gel electrolyte can have a specific capacitance (Cs) of 1276 F/g, i.e., a more than 50-fold increase relative to a PVPA system without Mo. A PVPA/Mo10 supercapacitor can have an energy density of 180.2 Wh/kg at power density of 500 W/kg, and devices with this hydrogel structure may maintain 85+% of their initial capacitance performance after 2300 charge-discharge cycles.

A poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA)-(NH.sub.4).sub.2MoO.sub.4), gel polymer electrolyte can be prepared by incorporating redox-mediated Mo, or similar metal, into a PVPA, or similar polymer, matrix. Gel polymer electrolytes including PVPA/MoX, x representing the percent fraction Mo in PVPA, can be used to make supercapacitors including active carbon electrodes. The electrolytes can be in gel form, bendable and stretchable in a device. Devices including this gel electrolyte can have a specific capacitance (Cs) of 1276 F/g, i.e., a more than 50-fold increase relative to a PVPA system without Mo. A PVPA/Mo10 supercapacitor can have an energy density of 180.2 Wh/kg at power density of 500 W/kg, and devices with this hydrogel structure may maintain 85+% of their initial capacitance performance after 2300 charge-discharge cycles.

In an example, a material includes a cellulosic nanomaterial and multiple polymer chains chemically bonded to the cellulosic nanomaterial. Each polymer chain includes a styrene-butadiene copolymer.

In an example, a material includes a cellulosic nanomaterial and multiple polymer chains chemically bonded to the cellulosic nanomaterial. Each polymer chain includes a styrene-butadiene copolymer.

The present invention relates to a curable thermosetting resin composition including a multicomponent copolymer of monomers represented by general formulas (I), (II), (III) and (IV), an epoxy resin, a curing agent, etc. In the present invention, the phosphorus element is creatively introduced into a ternary or quaternary copolymer that is capable of undergoing a cross-linking reaction with an epoxy resin, and the ternary or quaternary copolymer is mixed with the epoxy resin and the like to form a composition meeting all the requirements that the cured product has a high glass transition temperature, a low dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor, and a certain flame resistance. The multicomponent copolymer is prepared through two methods, in which one method includes direct copolymerization of corresponding monomers and the other method includes initial copolymerization with a hydroxyl-containing monomer and the following esterification with phosphoric acid.

An objective of the present invention is to provide an organic-inorganic hybrid acrylic polymer having an increased refractive index, which has a higher transparency and a less impaired scratch resistance; a metal oxide dispersion and a polymerizable composition as materials for the polymer; and the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer capable of being produced in a crack-free manner. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a high-performance antireflection film using the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer. The metal oxide dispersion of the present invention comprises a phosphorus compound represented by Formula (1): ##STR00001##
(wherein, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group; R.sup.2 is an organic residue; and n is 1 or 2) and a metal oxide.

An objective of the present invention is to provide an organic-inorganic hybrid acrylic polymer having an increased refractive index, which has a higher transparency and a less impaired scratch resistance; a metal oxide dispersion and a polymerizable composition as materials for the polymer; and the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer capable of being produced in a crack-free manner. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a high-performance antireflection film using the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer. The metal oxide dispersion of the present invention comprises a phosphorus compound represented by Formula (1): ##STR00001##
(wherein, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group; R.sup.2 is an organic residue; and n is 1 or 2) and a metal oxide.

Cross-linked polyvinyl polymers comprising charged groups and methods of making are disclosed. The polymers are effective and durable adsorbent of dyes from aqueous solutions. Also, a method of removal of dyes from contaminated water is disclosed.

Cross-linked polyvinyl polymers comprising charged groups and methods of making are disclosed. The polymers are effective and durable adsorbent of dyes from aqueous solutions. Also, a method of removal of dyes from contaminated water is disclosed.