Zwitterionic polymers or biocompatible polymers with improved properties for cell encapsulation, coating of devices, or a combination thereof are described. The biocompatible polymer contains a zwitterionic monomer, a monomer with a reactive side chain, and optionally another hydrophobic monomer or a neutral hydrophilic monomer. The zwitterionic polymers are cross-linked with a cross-linker via covalent bond to form a zwitterionic hydrogel in the presence of cells. Also provided, are methods of making and using the zwitterionic polymers.

In an example, a material includes a cellulosic nanomaterial and multiple polymer chains chemically bonded to the cellulosic nanomaterial. Each polymer chain includes a styrene-butadiene copolymer.

In an example, a material includes a cellulosic nanomaterial and multiple polymer chains chemically bonded to the cellulosic nanomaterial. Each polymer chain includes a styrene-butadiene copolymer.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl acetate polymer comprising the step of polymerizing vinyl acetate under emulsion polymerization conditions in the presence of a chain transfer agent which is a hypophosphite salt or X—R.sup.1—SH, where R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group and X is sulfonate, hydroxyl, sulfate, phosphate, phosphonate, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, or C.sub.1-C.sub.3-alkyl carboxylate. The process provides a way of lowering the viscosity of the vinyl acetate polymer at a given solids content.

An object is to provide a method of manufacturing a vessel for embryoid body formation excellent in formability of an embryoid body and suitable for optical observation.

Provided is a thermosensitive phosphazene-based polymer including an amino acid ester moiety, a polyethyleneglycol moiety, and a moiety including a sulfate group linked directly or by a linker in a predetermined ratio, a method of preparing the same, and a hydrogel-formable composition including the same. For example, a hydrogel formed from the composition may be used for tissue regeneration or drug delivery or used as a storage, a body tissue regeneration inducer, or a filler in a body.

Provided is a thermosensitive phosphazene-based polymer including an amino acid ester moiety, a polyethyleneglycol moiety, and a moiety including a sulfate group linked directly or by a linker in a predetermined ratio, a method of preparing the same, and a hydrogel-formable composition including the same. For example, a hydrogel formed from the composition may be used for tissue regeneration or drug delivery or used as a storage, a body tissue regeneration inducer, or a filler in a body.

The invention provides for the use of a copolymer, comprising a) 0.1 to 10 mol-%, based on the weight of the copolymer, of structural units derived from vinylphosphonic acid or of a salt thereof, b) 40 to 80 mol-%, based on the weight of the copolymer, of structural units derived from compounds of the formula (1)

##STR00001## c) 1 to 50 mol-%, based on the weight of the copolymer, of structural units derived from compounds of the formula (5)

##STR00002##  in which X is OH or NR.sup.3R.sup.4, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, independently of one another, are H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl,
for the inhibition and/or dispersion of inorganic sulphide scales, and for a process for the inhibition and/or dispersion of inorganic sulphide scales, the process comprising adding to water being within an oil or gas containing formation said copolymer.

A method for producing a polyvinylphosphonic acid copolymer may control a rise in internal temperature in the reaction system during polymerization and may allow synthesis of a copolymer as a polymer solution. A method for producing a polyvinylphosphonic acid copolymer may include polymerizing a compound of formula (1) and a compound of formula (2) in presence of a radical polymerization initiator and in a water-containing solvent:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently —OH, —O.sup.−, or —O.sup.−M.sup.+(M.sup.+ being a counter ion), R.sup.3 is —OH, —O.sup.−, —O.sup.−M.sup.+, or an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (M.sup.+ being a counter ion), and R.sup.4 is an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 optionally forming a ring together with an adjacent phosphorus atom when both R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkoxy groups.

A method for producing a polyvinylphosphonic acid copolymer may control a rise in internal temperature in the reaction system during polymerization and may allow synthesis of a copolymer as a polymer solution. A method for producing a polyvinylphosphonic acid copolymer may include polymerizing a compound of formula (1) and a compound of formula (2) in presence of a radical polymerization initiator and in a water-containing solvent:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently —OH, —O.sup.−, or —O.sup.−M.sup.+(M.sup.+ being a counter ion), R.sup.3 is —OH, —O.sup.−, —O.sup.−M.sup.+, or an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (M.sup.+ being a counter ion), and R.sup.4 is an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 optionally forming a ring together with an adjacent phosphorus atom when both R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkoxy groups.