A combination comprising a receptacle of defined internal volume, which contains a chemical reaction product. The product may be made in apparatus for undertaking a chemical reaction which comprises an elongate housing and a receptacle. The elongate housing may include a cooling means and end fittings which may include ports where fluids may be introduced and/or removed.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions comprising a organopalladium compound, a photoacid generator, a photosensitizer, one or more olefinic monomers and a stabilizer, such as for example a hindered amine, which undergo vinyl addition polymerization when said composition is exposed to a suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film. The compositions of this invention are stable at room temperature for several days to several months and can also be stored at higher temperatures from about 40° C. to 60° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization only when subjected to suitable actinic radiation. The monomers employed therein have a range of optical and mechanical properties, and thus these compositions can be tailored to form films having various opto-electronic properties. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various applications, including as coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, sealants, adhesives, among others.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions comprising a organopalladium compound, a photoacid generator, a photosensitizer, one or more olefinic monomers and a stabilizer, such as for example a hindered amine, which undergo vinyl addition polymerization when said composition is exposed to a suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film. The compositions of this invention are stable at room temperature for several days to several months and can also be stored at higher temperatures from about 40° C. to 60° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization only when subjected to suitable actinic radiation. The monomers employed therein have a range of optical and mechanical properties, and thus these compositions can be tailored to form films having various opto-electronic properties. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various applications, including as coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, sealants, adhesives, among others.

A method of assembling and/or operating apparatus for undertaking a chemical reaction. The apparatus includes a housing in which a precursor of a receptacle is arranged. A fluid (F1) may be introduced into said precursor to cause the precursor to inflate.

A method of assembling and/or operating apparatus for undertaking a chemical reaction. The apparatus includes a housing in which a precursor of a receptacle is arranged. A fluid (F1) may be introduced into said precursor to cause the precursor to inflate.

Macrocyclic polyalkene homopolymers and copolymers can be formed and converted to macrocyclic polyalkanes or macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) upon hydrogenation or, when the macrocyclic polyalkene is reacted with an alkene in the presence of an olefin metathesis catalyst, to a macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) comprising vicinal —C(═CR2)—'s. Upon hydrogenation of a macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) comprising vicinal —C(═CR2)-'s, macrocyclic poly(alkane)s or poly(alkane-co-alkene)s with isolated —C(═CR2)- groups can be provided, depending on the degree of hydrogenation. The poly(alkane-co-alkene)s with isolated —C(═CR2)- units can be used to form poly(macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene))s, poly(macrocyclic poly(alkane))s, and/or bi-, tri-, and/or multi-macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene)s or bi-, tri-, and/or multi-macrocyclic poly(alkane)s.

Macrocyclic polyalkene homopolymers and copolymers can be formed and converted to macrocyclic polyalkanes or macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) upon hydrogenation or, when the macrocyclic polyalkene is reacted with an alkene in the presence of an olefin metathesis catalyst, to a macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) comprising vicinal —C(═CR2)—'s. Upon hydrogenation of a macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) comprising vicinal —C(═CR2)-'s, macrocyclic poly(alkane)s or poly(alkane-co-alkene)s with isolated —C(═CR2)- groups can be provided, depending on the degree of hydrogenation. The poly(alkane-co-alkene)s with isolated —C(═CR2)- units can be used to form poly(macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene))s, poly(macrocyclic poly(alkane))s, and/or bi-, tri-, and/or multi-macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene)s or bi-, tri-, and/or multi-macrocyclic poly(alkane)s.

Macrocyclic polyalkene homopolymers and copolymers can be formed and converted to macrocyclic polyalkanes or macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) upon hydrogenation or, when the macrocyclic polyalkene is reacted with an alkene in the presence of an olefin metathesis catalyst, to a macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) comprising vicinal —C(═CR2)—'s. Upon hydrogenation of a macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene) comprising vicinal —C(═CR2)-'s, macrocyclic poly(alkane)s or poly(alkane-co-alkene)s with isolated —C(═CR2)- groups can be provided, depending on the degree of hydrogenation. The poly(alkane-co-alkene)s with isolated —C(═CR2)- units can be used to form poly(macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene))s, poly(macrocyclic poly(alkane))s, and/or bi-, tri-, and/or multi-macrocyclic poly(alkane-co-alkene)s or bi-, tri-, and/or multi-macrocyclic poly(alkane)s.

The present disclosure discloses a catalyst composition for polymerization of an α-olefin and preparation and use thereof. The catalyst composition comprises boron trifluoride and at least one protic cocatalyst; the protic cocatalyst has a structural formula of X—(CH.sub.2).sub.n—OH, where n is an integer selected from 1 to 10; X is selected from nitro, halogen, cyano, sulfonic acid group, aldehyde group, acyl, carboxyl and amino. The catalyst can be used in production of a poly(α-olefin) synthetic base oil, and is particularly suitable for a low viscosity poly(α-olefin) synthetic base oil with high selectivity of the target product.

The present disclosure discloses a catalyst composition for polymerization of an α-olefin and preparation and use thereof. The catalyst composition comprises boron trifluoride and at least one protic cocatalyst; the protic cocatalyst has a structural formula of X—(CH.sub.2).sub.n—OH, where n is an integer selected from 1 to 10; X is selected from nitro, halogen, cyano, sulfonic acid group, aldehyde group, acyl, carboxyl and amino. The catalyst can be used in production of a poly(α-olefin) synthetic base oil, and is particularly suitable for a low viscosity poly(α-olefin) synthetic base oil with high selectivity of the target product.