Provided is a compound that can be used for a resin for a resist having excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, or the like, by a compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4).

Provided is a compound that can be used for a resin for a resist having excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, or the like, by a compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4).

Provided is a compound that can be used for a resin for a resist having excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, or the like, by a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
(wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4).

Provided is a compound that can be used for a resin for a resist having excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, or the like, by a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
(wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4).

A process, an apparatus, and photoswitchable photoinitiators for polymerizing a starting material by dual color photopolymerization. In particular, photoinitiators are provided, which cause curing of photopolymerizable formulations upon illumination with two different wavelengths.

A tool provided that individually creates three-dimensional structural elements which are sequentially positioned into formation of a shaped object.

A tool provided that individually creates three-dimensional structural elements which are sequentially positioned into formation of a shaped object.

A curable composition is provided. The curable composition can eliminate or minimize the generation of bubbles inside the cured product after the initiation reaction of the curable monomer, prevent expansion of a material when used to encapsulate a device, and provide a uniform cured product to solve the problem of separation between the upper and lower substrates bonded together, thereby improving device encapsulation performance.

A polymerizable compound indicated by the following formula (I). In formula (I): Ar represents an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon cyclic group/aromatic heterocyclic group; D represents an organic group having a carbon number of 1 to 67 and including an aromatic ring; Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, and Y.sup.0 to Y.sup.4 each represent atomic bonding; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each represent a chain group; G represents an optionally substituted alicyclic group/aromatic group/alkylene group; A.sup.1, A.sup.2, B.sup.1, and B.sup.2 each represent an alicyclic group or an aromatic group; P.sup.1 and P.sup.2 each represent a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group; and p and q are each, independently of one another, an integer of 0 to 2, with a proviso that cases in which p=0 and q=1 and in which p=1 and q=2 are excluded.

##STR00001##

A polymerizable compound indicated by the following formula (I). In formula (I): Ar represents an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon cyclic group/aromatic heterocyclic group; D represents an organic group having a carbon number of 1 to 67 and including an aromatic ring; Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, and Y.sup.0 to Y.sup.4 each represent atomic bonding; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each represent a chain group; G represents an optionally substituted alicyclic group/aromatic group/alkylene group; A.sup.1, A.sup.2, B.sup.1, and B.sup.2 each represent an alicyclic group or an aromatic group; P.sup.1 and P.sup.2 each represent a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group; and p and q are each, independently of one another, an integer of 0 to 2, with a proviso that cases in which p=0 and q=1 and in which p=1 and q=2 are excluded.

##STR00001##