The present invention is directed to a pneumatic tire having a tread comprising a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising, based on 100 parts by weight of elastomer (phr), (A) 100 phr of a solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber having a glass transition temperature (Tg) ranging from −85° C. to −50° C.; (B) from 1 to 30 phr of a process oil; (C) from 20 to 80 phr of a hydrocarbon resin having a Tg of at least 30° C.; and (D) from 90 to 150 phr of silica.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions encompassing a latent organo-ruthenium compound, a pyridine compound, a photosensitizer and an ultra violet light blocking compound along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said composition is exposed to suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film or a three dimensional object. Surprisingly, the compositions are very stable at ambient conditions to temperatures up to 80° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization only when subjected to actinic radiation under inert atmosphere such as for example a blanket of nitrogen. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various opto-electronic applications, including as 3D printing materials, coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.

Gas separation membranes are provided and more particularly, a series of addition-type and ROMP type polynorbornenes with substituents derived from Mizoroki-Heck reactions are provided and have particular utility as gas separation membranes for natural gas upgrading.

Gas separation membranes are provided and more particularly, a series of addition-type and ROMP type polynorbornenes with substituents derived from Mizoroki-Heck reactions are provided and have particular utility as gas separation membranes for natural gas upgrading.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass an organoruthenium compound of the formula I: (I) wherein X, Y, L.sub.1, L.sub.2, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as defined herein. Also disclosed herein are the use of organoruthenium compound of the formula I as (pre)catalysts for the olefin metathesis reactions, as well as to the process for carrying out the olefin metathesis reaction.

##STR00001##

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass an organoruthenium compound of the formula I: (I) wherein X, Y, L.sub.1, L.sub.2, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as defined herein. Also disclosed herein are the use of organoruthenium compound of the formula I as (pre)catalysts for the olefin metathesis reactions, as well as to the process for carrying out the olefin metathesis reaction.

##STR00001##

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions encompassing a latent organo-ruthenium compound, a pyridine compound, a photosensitizer and an ultra violet light blocking compound along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said composition is exposed to suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film or a three dimensional object. Surprisingly, the compositions are very stable at ambient conditions to temperatures up to 80° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization only when subjected to actinic radiation under inert atmosphere such as for example a blanket of nitrogen. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various opto-electronic applications, including as 3D printing materials, coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions comprising a organopalladium compound, a photoacid generator, a photosensitizer and one or more olefinic monomers which undergo vinyl addition polymerization when said composition is exposed to a suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film. The monomers employed therein have a range of optical and mechanical properties, and thus these compositions can be tailored to form films having various opto-electronic properties. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various applications, including as coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions comprising a organopalladium compound, a photoacid generator, a photosensitizer and one or more olefinic monomers which undergo vinyl addition polymerization when said composition is exposed to a suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film. The monomers employed therein have a range of optical and mechanical properties, and thus these compositions can be tailored to form films having various opto-electronic properties. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various applications, including as coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.

A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution including at least one of sulfonyl compounds expressed by R(—S(═O).sub.2—Rf).sub.n, where R represents an n-valent hydrocarbon group including one or two or more aliphatic hydrocarbon rings, Rf includes one of a halogen group and a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.