The present invention is related to the use of ethylene alkanoate-alkyl acrylate bipolymers with a high randomness monomers distribution, which are synthesized by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization process, characterized because it is carried out using slow addition rate of the pre-emulsion feeding ({dot over (q)}≤0.009 kg.Math.L.sup.−1.Math.min.sup.−1), stabilized this last one by alkyl glycol ether type surfactants, at temperatures higher than 75° C. and with solids contents above 25 wt %, which avoids the formation of large sequences (blocks) of a same monomer. This structural characteristic gives the ethylene alkanoate-alkyl acrylate bipolymers a high efficiency as chemical agents for removal of complex water/crude oil emulsions of crude oil blends.

The present invention is related to the use of ethylene alkanoate-alkyl acrylate bipolymers with a high randomness monomers distribution, which are synthesized by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization process, characterized because it is carried out using slow addition rate of the pre-emulsion feeding ({dot over (q)}≤0.009 kg.Math.L.sup.−1.Math.min.sup.−1), stabilized this last one by alkyl glycol ether type surfactants, at temperatures higher than 75° C. and with solids contents above 25 wt %, which avoids the formation of large sequences (blocks) of a same monomer. This structural characteristic gives the ethylene alkanoate-alkyl acrylate bipolymers a high efficiency as chemical agents for removal of complex water/crude oil emulsions of crude oil blends.

The present invention aims to provide a composition for a storage battery electrode and a pigment composition each containing a modified polyvinyl acetal resin that has excellent dispersing properties, adhesion, and stability over time and that is capable of preventing degradation caused by an electrolyte solution when used for an electrode of a storage battery, enabling the production of a high-power storage battery. Provided is a modified polyvinyl acetal resin including a chlorine atom-containing structural unit.

The present invention aims to provide a composition for a storage battery electrode and a pigment composition each containing a modified polyvinyl acetal resin that has excellent dispersing properties, adhesion, and stability over time and that is capable of preventing degradation caused by an electrolyte solution when used for an electrode of a storage battery, enabling the production of a high-power storage battery. Provided is a modified polyvinyl acetal resin including a chlorine atom-containing structural unit.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising obtaining a mixture comprising at least one vinyl polymer, at least one organic acid, and at least one hydronium ion donor. In some embodiments, the method comprises reacting an —OH group of the B polymer chain segment with the at least one organic acid in the presence of the at least one hydronium ion donor, so as to form at least one polyvinyl ester. Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a roofing material comprising at least one reinforcement material and at least one polyvinyl ester.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising obtaining a mixture comprising at least one vinyl polymer, at least one organic acid, and at least one hydronium ion donor. In some embodiments, the method comprises reacting an —OH group of the B polymer chain segment with the at least one organic acid in the presence of the at least one hydronium ion donor, so as to form at least one polyvinyl ester. Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a roofing material comprising at least one reinforcement material and at least one polyvinyl ester.

A hot-water sterilized package includes a container having a barrier layer filled with contents, wherein the barrier layer contains 96 mass % or more of a modified ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer based on the resin total, the modified ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is represented by a following formula (I), contents (mol %) of a, b, and c based on the total monomer units satisfy following formulae (1) through (3), a degree of saponification (DS) defined by a following formula (4) is 90 mol % or more, and in measurement using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), crystalline melting enthalpy (ΔH.sub.A: J/g) during temperature rise in a hydrated state and crystalline melting enthalpy (ΔH.sub.B: J/g) during temperature rise after drying and melting followed by rapid cooling satisfy following formulae (5) and (6). A container constituting such a package has excellent in oxygen barrier properties even after hot-water sterilization, and thus degradation of content quality is inhibited for a long period. ##STR00001##
18≤a≤55  (1)
0.01≤c≤20  (2)
[100−(a+c)]×0.9≤b≤[100−(a+c)]  (3)
DS=[(Total Number of Moles of Hydrogen Atoms in X,Y, and Z)/(Total Number of Moles of X,Y, and Z)]×100  (4)
ΔH.sub.A/ΔH.sub.B≥0.5  (5)
ΔH.sub.B≥70  (6).

A hot-water sterilized package includes a container having a barrier layer filled with contents, wherein the barrier layer contains 96 mass % or more of a modified ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer based on the resin total, the modified ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is represented by a following formula (I), contents (mol %) of a, b, and c based on the total monomer units satisfy following formulae (1) through (3), a degree of saponification (DS) defined by a following formula (4) is 90 mol % or more, and in measurement using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), crystalline melting enthalpy (ΔH.sub.A: J/g) during temperature rise in a hydrated state and crystalline melting enthalpy (ΔH.sub.B: J/g) during temperature rise after drying and melting followed by rapid cooling satisfy following formulae (5) and (6). A container constituting such a package has excellent in oxygen barrier properties even after hot-water sterilization, and thus degradation of content quality is inhibited for a long period. ##STR00001##
18≤a≤55  (1)
0.01≤c≤20  (2)
[100−(a+c)]×0.9≤b≤[100−(a+c)]  (3)
DS=[(Total Number of Moles of Hydrogen Atoms in X,Y, and Z)/(Total Number of Moles of X,Y, and Z)]×100  (4)
ΔH.sub.A/ΔH.sub.B≥0.5  (5)
ΔH.sub.B≥70  (6).

To provide a membrane electrode assembly which can suppress cracking of the catalyst layers.

The membrane electrode assembly of the present invention is a membrane electrode assembly comprising an anode having a catalyst layer containing a proton-conductive polymer, a cathode having a catalyst layer containing a proton-conductive polymer, and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the proton-conductive polymer contained in the catalyst layer of at least one of the anode and the cathode is a polymer (H) having units containing a cyclic ether structure and sulfonic acid-type functional groups, and the polymer electrolyte membrane contains a porous material containing a fluorinated polymer, and a fluorinated polymer (S) having sulfonic acid-type functional groups.

To provide a membrane electrode assembly which can suppress cracking of the catalyst layers.

The membrane electrode assembly of the present invention is a membrane electrode assembly comprising an anode having a catalyst layer containing a proton-conductive polymer, a cathode having a catalyst layer containing a proton-conductive polymer, and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the proton-conductive polymer contained in the catalyst layer of at least one of the anode and the cathode is a polymer (H) having units containing a cyclic ether structure and sulfonic acid-type functional groups, and the polymer electrolyte membrane contains a porous material containing a fluorinated polymer, and a fluorinated polymer (S) having sulfonic acid-type functional groups.