The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a paper substrate suitable for binding silicone in a catalytic hydrosilation reaction and products thereof, wherein the molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol is used to control the viscosity of the water-based acetalization reaction, such that a paper substrate may be coated with acetalized polyvinyl alcohol that contains high amount of functional vinyl groups, wherein the functional vinyl groups are part of catenated carbon structures which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and which have an acetal connectivity with the backbone chain of the acetalized polyvinyl alcohol.

A water-absorbent resin containing a vinyl alcohol-based polymer and having a crystal melting enthalpy of more than 0 J/g in a dry state.

A water-absorbent resin containing a vinyl alcohol-based polymer and having a crystal melting enthalpy of more than 0 J/g in a dry state.

The present invention is related to the use of ethylene alkanoate-alkyl acrylate bipolymers with a high randomness monomers distribution, which are synthesized by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization process, characterized because it is carried out using slow addition rate of the pre-emulsion feeding ({dot over (q)}≤0.009 kgL.Math.L.sup.−1.Math.min.sup.−1), stabilized this last one by alkyl glycol ether type surfactants, at temperatures higher than 75° C. and with solids contents above 25 wt %, which avoids the formation of large sequences (blocks) of a same monomer. This structural characteristic gives the ethylene alkanoate-alkyl acrylate bipolymers a high efficiency as chemical agents for removal of complex water/crude oil emulsions of crude oil blends.

The present invention is related to the use of ethylene alkanoate-alkyl acrylate bipolymers with a high randomness monomers distribution, which are synthesized by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization process, characterized because it is carried out using slow addition rate of the pre-emulsion feeding ({dot over (q)}≤0.009 kgL.Math.L.sup.−1.Math.min.sup.−1), stabilized this last one by alkyl glycol ether type surfactants, at temperatures higher than 75° C. and with solids contents above 25 wt %, which avoids the formation of large sequences (blocks) of a same monomer. This structural characteristic gives the ethylene alkanoate-alkyl acrylate bipolymers a high efficiency as chemical agents for removal of complex water/crude oil emulsions of crude oil blends.

A cleaning liquid for excessive powder removal is provided. The cleaning liquid includes a hydrocarbon solvent having an octanol/water partition coefficient (log P.sub.ow value) of 4.5 or more. The cleaning liquid is to remove excessive powder for molding adhering to a solidified object molded using the powder for molding.

A cleaning liquid for excessive powder removal is provided. The cleaning liquid includes a hydrocarbon solvent having an octanol/water partition coefficient (log P.sub.ow value) of 4.5 or more. The cleaning liquid is to remove excessive powder for molding adhering to a solidified object molded using the powder for molding.

To provide a method for fractionating a liquid composition, which is excellent in separability of the liquid composition. This method for fractionating a liquid composition comprises discharging, from a discharge port of a filling nozzle, a liquid composition containing a solvent and a polymer having ion exchange groups, and fractionating a predetermined amount of the liquid composition, characterized in that the temperature of the liquid composition is controlled so that the average tan δ1 of the liquid composition when discharged from the discharge port of the filling nozzle becomes to be at most 1.00.

To provide a method for fractionating a liquid composition, which is excellent in separability of the liquid composition. This method for fractionating a liquid composition comprises discharging, from a discharge port of a filling nozzle, a liquid composition containing a solvent and a polymer having ion exchange groups, and fractionating a predetermined amount of the liquid composition, characterized in that the temperature of the liquid composition is controlled so that the average tan δ1 of the liquid composition when discharged from the discharge port of the filling nozzle becomes to be at most 1.00.

Provided herein are perfluoro copolymers of a perfluoro dioxole monomer, a perfluoro dioxane monomer, and an optional perhalo monomer. Methoda of making the perfluoro copolymers and methods of using the perfluoro copolymers are also disclosed.