This invention relates to polymerization of muconic acid and its derivatives. Muconic acid useful for the present invention can be in any of its isomeric forms including cis, cis-muconic acid (ccMA), cis, trans-muconic acid (ctMA), and trans, trans-muconic acid (ttMA). Muconic acid used in the present invention can be derived either from renewable carbon resources through biological fermentation or from non-renewable petrochemical resources through biological fermentation or chemical conversion.

This invention relates to polymerization of muconic acid and its derivatives. Muconic acid useful for the present invention can be in any of its isomeric forms including cis, cis-muconic acid (ccMA), cis, trans-muconic acid (ctMA), and trans, trans-muconic acid (ttMA). Muconic acid used in the present invention can be derived either from renewable carbon resources through biological fermentation or from non-renewable petrochemical resources through biological fermentation or chemical conversion.

A photosensitive resin composition contains (i) modified partially-saponified polyvinyl acetate having a functional group introduced into a side chain thereof, (ii) tertiary nitrogen atom-containing polyamide, (iii) a photopolymerizable unsaturated compound and (iv) a photopolymerization initiator, characterized in that the above (ii) tertiary nitrogen atom-containing polyamide contains 20 to 50% by mol of a structural unit obtained from cyclohexane-dicarboxylic acid and 50 to 95% by mol of an alicyclic structural unit in total, in relation to a total of an amount of an aminocarboxylic acid unit (including a case wherein lactam is a raw material), an amount of a dicarboxylic acid unit and an amount of a diamine unit in the polyamide molecule. There is also provided a relief printing original plate which is characterized in having, on a support, a photosensitive resin layer formed by using this photosensitive resin composition.

A photosensitive resin composition contains (i) modified partially-saponified polyvinyl acetate having a functional group introduced into a side chain thereof, (ii) tertiary nitrogen atom-containing polyamide, (iii) a photopolymerizable unsaturated compound and (iv) a photopolymerization initiator, characterized in that the above (ii) tertiary nitrogen atom-containing polyamide contains 20 to 50% by mol of a structural unit obtained from cyclohexane-dicarboxylic acid and 50 to 95% by mol of an alicyclic structural unit in total, in relation to a total of an amount of an aminocarboxylic acid unit (including a case wherein lactam is a raw material), an amount of a dicarboxylic acid unit and an amount of a diamine unit in the polyamide molecule. There is also provided a relief printing original plate which is characterized in having, on a support, a photosensitive resin layer formed by using this photosensitive resin composition.

A laminate shaping support material is provided which includes one of: a resin composition containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a primary hydroxyl group at its side chain, and having a heat of fusion of 10 to 30 J/g at its melting point (Embodiment (X)); and a resin composition containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, and a block copolymer including a polymer block of an aromatic vinyl compound, at least one of a polymer block of a conjugated diene compound and a block of a hydrogenated conjugated diene compound, and a functional group reactive with a hydroxyl group (Embodiment (Y)). Therefore, the laminate shaping support material according to Embodiment (X), for example, is excellent in shape stability and adhesiveness to a model material. The laminate shaping support material according to Embodiment (Y) is excellent in peelability and forming stability.

A laminate shaping support material is provided which includes one of: a resin composition containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a primary hydroxyl group at its side chain, and having a heat of fusion of 10 to 30 J/g at its melting point (Embodiment (X)); and a resin composition containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, and a block copolymer including a polymer block of an aromatic vinyl compound, at least one of a polymer block of a conjugated diene compound and a block of a hydrogenated conjugated diene compound, and a functional group reactive with a hydroxyl group (Embodiment (Y)). Therefore, the laminate shaping support material according to Embodiment (X), for example, is excellent in shape stability and adhesiveness to a model material. The laminate shaping support material according to Embodiment (Y) is excellent in peelability and forming stability.

A laminate shaping support material is provided which includes one of: a resin composition containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a primary hydroxyl group at its side chain, and having a heat of fusion of 10 to 30 J/g at its melting point (Embodiment (X)); and a resin composition containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, and a block copolymer including a polymer block of an aromatic vinyl compound, at least one of a polymer block of a conjugated diene compound and a block of a hydrogenated conjugated diene compound, and a functional group reactive with a hydroxyl group (Embodiment (Y)). Therefore, the laminate shaping support material according to Embodiment (X), for example, is excellent in shape stability and adhesiveness to a model material. The laminate shaping support material according to Embodiment (Y) is excellent in peelability and forming stability.

A laminate shaping support material is provided which includes one of: a resin composition containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a primary hydroxyl group at its side chain, and having a heat of fusion of 10 to 30 J/g at its melting point (Embodiment (X)); and a resin composition containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, and a block copolymer including a polymer block of an aromatic vinyl compound, at least one of a polymer block of a conjugated diene compound and a block of a hydrogenated conjugated diene compound, and a functional group reactive with a hydroxyl group (Embodiment (Y)). Therefore, the laminate shaping support material according to Embodiment (X), for example, is excellent in shape stability and adhesiveness to a model material. The laminate shaping support material according to Embodiment (Y) is excellent in peelability and forming stability.

Novel polyanionic polymers including families of repeat units, such as maleic, itaconic, and sulfonate repeat units. The polymers are at least tetrapolymers and may be in the acid form or as partial or complete salts. The polymers may be synthesized using free radical initiators in the presence of vanadium compounds. The polymers have a variety of uses, particularly in agricultural contexts.

An adhesive composition containing a latex of a highly saturated nitrile rubber (A) which has ,-ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer units 10 to 55 wt %, conjugated diene monomer units 25 to 89 wt %, and ,-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monoester monomer units 1 to 20 wt % and has an iodine value of 120 or less and a polyvalent amine compound (B).