To provide a polymerizable composition capable of forming a thick hydrophilic resin coating having high hardness and excellent durability on the surface of an object to be treated, which is a surface treatment object, and a hydrophilizing treatment method in which the polymerizable composition is used. In a polymerizable composition including a polymerizable compound (A), a polymerization initiator (B), inorganic fine particles (C) and a solvent (S), a polymerizable betaine compound (A1) having an ethylenic unsaturated double bond and a betaine structure and an adhesive polymerizable compound (A2) having an ethylenic unsaturated double bond and a specific type of adhesive group are used as the polymerizable compound (A); a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator (B1) is used as the polymerization initiator (B); and inorganic fine particles (C) having a functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer of the polymerizable compound (A) are used.

To provide a polymerizable composition capable of forming a thick hydrophilic resin coating having high hardness and excellent durability on the surface of an object to be treated, which is a surface treatment object, and a hydrophilizing treatment method in which the polymerizable composition is used. In a polymerizable composition including a polymerizable compound (A), a polymerization initiator (B), inorganic fine particles (C) and a solvent (S), a polymerizable betaine compound (A1) having an ethylenic unsaturated double bond and a betaine structure and an adhesive polymerizable compound (A2) having an ethylenic unsaturated double bond and a specific type of adhesive group are used as the polymerizable compound (A); a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator (B1) is used as the polymerization initiator (B); and inorganic fine particles (C) having a functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer of the polymerizable compound (A) are used.

Recording a volume Bragg grating is effectuated by a recording medium formed from a matrix polymer precursor including a controlled radical reactive group, a photoactive base monomer, and a photoinitiator system more reactive with the photoactive base monomer than the controlled radical reactive group in the presence of an excitation source, and a photoredox catalyst. The medium is cured thereby forming a support matrix from the matrix polymer precursor. Exposure to the excitation source through a pattern causes the photoinitiator to polymerize the base monomer, forming a latent grating of the Bragg grating. The latent grating has bright and dark fringes determined by the pattern. The concentration of polymerized base polymer is higher in the bright fringes than in the dark fringes. The exposing causes a portion of the matrix to diffuse into the dark fringes. The support matrix has a lower refractive index than the polymerized photoactive base monomer.

Recording a volume Bragg grating is effectuated by a recording medium formed from a matrix polymer precursor including a controlled radical reactive group, a photoactive base monomer, and a photoinitiator system more reactive with the photoactive base monomer than the controlled radical reactive group in the presence of an excitation source, and a photoredox catalyst. The medium is cured thereby forming a support matrix from the matrix polymer precursor. Exposure to the excitation source through a pattern causes the photoinitiator to polymerize the base monomer, forming a latent grating of the Bragg grating. The latent grating has bright and dark fringes determined by the pattern. The concentration of polymerized base polymer is higher in the bright fringes than in the dark fringes. The exposing causes a portion of the matrix to diffuse into the dark fringes. The support matrix has a lower refractive index than the polymerized photoactive base monomer.

A method for manufacturing a polymer emulsion includes the following steps. A mixture is heated to a first temperature less than or equal to about 40° C. The mixture including about 100 to about 500 parts by weight of a monomer and about 0.5 to about 95 parts by weight of a first cross-linking agent, in which the monomer has a structure of formula (I):

##STR00001##

and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 represent H or C1-C4 alkyl group, respectively. About 0.005 to about 5 parts by weight of a first initiator is added. About 0.003 to about 5 parts by weight of a reducing agent is added to form an intermediate product. The intermediate product is heated to a second temperature less than or equal to about 92° C.

A method for manufacturing a polymer emulsion includes the following steps. A mixture is heated to a first temperature less than or equal to about 40° C. The mixture including about 100 to about 500 parts by weight of a monomer and about 0.5 to about 95 parts by weight of a first cross-linking agent, in which the monomer has a structure of formula (I):

##STR00001##

and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 represent H or C1-C4 alkyl group, respectively. About 0.005 to about 5 parts by weight of a first initiator is added. About 0.003 to about 5 parts by weight of a reducing agent is added to form an intermediate product. The intermediate product is heated to a second temperature less than or equal to about 92° C.

Pharmaceutical compositions for and methods of treating an animal, including a human, and methods of preparing such compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions contain crosslinked amine polymers and may be used, for example, to treat diseases or other metabolic conditions in which removal of protons and/or chloride ions from the gastrointestinal tract would provide physiological benefits such as normalizing serum bicarbonate concentrations and the blood pH in an animal, including a human.

Pharmaceutical compositions for and methods of treating an animal, including a human, and methods of preparing such compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions contain crosslinked amine polymers and may be used, for example, to treat diseases or other metabolic conditions in which removal of protons and/or chloride ions from the gastrointestinal tract would provide physiological benefits such as normalizing serum bicarbonate concentrations and the blood pH in an animal, including a human.

The present invention relates to a coated article comprising a partial or complete durable non-fluorinated coating on the surface of an article, wherein the coating comprises 5 to 95% by weight of a hydrophobic compound, and 5 to 95% by weight of a surface effect agent, both based on the total solids weight of the coating, where the hydrophobic compound is selected from a hydrophobic cyclic or acyclic alcohol.

The present invention relates to a coated article comprising a partial or complete durable non-fluorinated coating on the surface of an article, wherein the coating comprises 5 to 95% by weight of a hydrophobic compound, and 5 to 95% by weight of a surface effect agent, both based on the total solids weight of the coating, where the hydrophobic compound is selected from a hydrophobic cyclic or acyclic alcohol.