A method for forming a photoresist relief image including applying a layer of a coating composition on a substrate; and disposing a layer of a photoresist composition on the layer of the coating composition, wherein the coating composition comprises an amine-containing polymer comprising a hydrocarbon-substituted amino group and having nitrogen atoms in an amount from 3 to 47 weight percent, based on a total weight of the amine-containing polymer.

A method for forming a photoresist relief image including applying a layer of a coating composition on a substrate; and disposing a layer of a photoresist composition on the layer of the coating composition, wherein the coating composition comprises an amine-containing polymer comprising a hydrocarbon-substituted amino group and having nitrogen atoms in an amount from 3 to 47 weight percent, based on a total weight of the amine-containing polymer.

A method for forming a photoresist relief image including applying a layer of a coating composition on a substrate; and disposing a layer of a photoresist composition on the layer of the coating composition, wherein the coating composition comprises an amine-containing polymer comprising a hydrocarbon-substituted amino group and having nitrogen atoms in an amount from 3 to 47 weight percent, based on a total weight of the amine-containing polymer.

A process of forming a cross-linked electronically active hydrophilic co-polymer is provided and includes the steps of: a. mixing an intrinsically electronically active material and at least one compound of formula (I) with water to form an intermediate mixture; b. adding at least one hydrophilic monomer, at least one hydrophobic monomer, and at least one cross-linker to the intermediate mixture to form a co-monomer mixture; and c. polymerising the co-monomer mixture. Formula (I) is defined as: ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and X.sup.− is an anion.

A process of forming a cross-linked electronically active hydrophilic co-polymer is provided and includes the steps of: a. mixing an intrinsically electronically active material and at least one compound of formula (I) with water to form an intermediate mixture; b. adding at least one hydrophilic monomer, at least one hydrophobic monomer, and at least one cross-linker to the intermediate mixture to form a co-monomer mixture; and c. polymerising the co-monomer mixture. Formula (I) is defined as: ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and X.sup.− is an anion.

A process of forming a cross-linked electronically active hydrophilic co-polymer is provided and includes the steps of: a. mixing an intrinsically electronically active material and at least one compound of formula (I) with water to form an intermediate mixture; b. adding at least one hydrophilic monomer, at least one hydrophobic monomer, and at least one cross-linker to the intermediate mixture to form a co-monomer mixture; and c. polymerising the co-monomer mixture. Formula (I) is defined as: ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and X.sup.− is an anion.

A modified conjugated diene-based polymer and a rubber composition including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer includes a modified monomer-derived functional group represented by Formula 1, and an aminoalkoxysilane-based modifier-derived functional group at least one end thereof, wherein the polymer having a unimodal molecular weight distribution, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.0 or more to less than 1.7. The polymer has a narrow and unimodal molecular weight distribution, and has excellent tensile properties and viscoelastic properties while having excellent processability.

A modified conjugated diene-based polymer and a rubber composition including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer includes a modified monomer-derived functional group represented by Formula 1, and an aminoalkoxysilane-based modifier-derived functional group at least one end thereof, wherein the polymer having a unimodal molecular weight distribution, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.0 or more to less than 1.7. The polymer has a narrow and unimodal molecular weight distribution, and has excellent tensile properties and viscoelastic properties while having excellent processability.

The present disclosure may generally relate to the field of polymer synthesis and provide a method for preparing branched poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) at room temperature by inverse emulsion polymerization. The method may include: using benzoyl peroxide as an oxidant, and 2-methyl-N-[3-(methyl-phenyl-amino)-propyl]-acrylamide as a reductant monomer to form a redox initiation system, water, and toluene as media, a nonionic surfactant as an emulsifier, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as a monomer, reacting at room temperature and normal pressure to obtain branched poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). In the present disclosure, the polymerization system may be simple and stable, and the synthesis and purification of the reductant monomer may be simple, greatly reducing the polymerization cost. The reaction may not need temperature control and pressure control, with low energy consumption, easy operation, and less impact on the environment. The obtained branched poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) may have a high molecular weight. The molecular weight and a branching degree may be adjusted in a wide range. The method may be of great significance to the theoretical research and large-scale application of branched poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate).

The present disclosure may generally relate to the field of polymer synthesis and provide a method for preparing branched poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) at room temperature by inverse emulsion polymerization. The method may include: using benzoyl peroxide as an oxidant, and 2-methyl-N-[3-(methyl-phenyl-amino)-propyl]-acrylamide as a reductant monomer to form a redox initiation system, water, and toluene as media, a nonionic surfactant as an emulsifier, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as a monomer, reacting at room temperature and normal pressure to obtain branched poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). In the present disclosure, the polymerization system may be simple and stable, and the synthesis and purification of the reductant monomer may be simple, greatly reducing the polymerization cost. The reaction may not need temperature control and pressure control, with low energy consumption, easy operation, and less impact on the environment. The obtained branched poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) may have a high molecular weight. The molecular weight and a branching degree may be adjusted in a wide range. The method may be of great significance to the theoretical research and large-scale application of branched poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate).