There is described a process for forming a conformal film of conducting polymer onto one or more surfaces of a substrate by polymerising onto the one or more surfaces in a single step one or more conducting polymer precursors including one or more monomers in the presence of conductivity enhancing additives comprising one or more ionic liquids and one or more optional ionic dopants.

Embodiments of the disclosure generally provide methods related to articles that display reversible photoresponsive behavior.

Described are polymerizable fused tricyclic compounds of formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, m, n, t, and rings B, C, and D are as defined herein. The compounds absorb various wavelengths of ultraviolet and/or visible light (such as high energy visible light) and are suitable for incorporation in a variety of products, such as biomedical devices and ophthalmic devices.

Described are polymerizable fused tricyclic compounds of formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, m, n, t, and rings B, C, and D are as defined herein. The compounds absorb various wavelengths of ultraviolet and/or visible light (such as high energy visible light) and are suitable for incorporation in a variety of products, such as biomedical devices and ophthalmic devices.

Disclosed are a preparation method and application of a 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazolyl polymerized spherical ionic liquid catalyst. The method comprises: preparing a functional ionic liquid monomer successfully by taking 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole as the matrix, and preparing the polymerized spherical ionic liquid from the monomer. The catalyst combines the advantages of both ionic liquid and the polymer, and has the characteristics of large specific surface area, high catalytic activity, high mass transfer rate, good selectivity, high stability, easy recycling and separating, environmental friendliness, wide industrial application prospect, etc. The spherical ionic liquid is made into a novel catalytic packing and then put into a reactive distillation column for continuous reactive distillation of esterification and transesterification to realize the organic combination of the ionic liquid and the reactive distillation technology, achieving good catalytic activity, high product yield, environmental friendliness, and low corrosivity, which has great significance in realizing an environment-friendly process.

Disclosed are a preparation method and application of a 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazolyl polymerized spherical ionic liquid catalyst. The method comprises: preparing a functional ionic liquid monomer successfully by taking 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole as the matrix, and preparing the polymerized spherical ionic liquid from the monomer. The catalyst combines the advantages of both ionic liquid and the polymer, and has the characteristics of large specific surface area, high catalytic activity, high mass transfer rate, good selectivity, high stability, easy recycling and separating, environmental friendliness, wide industrial application prospect, etc. The spherical ionic liquid is made into a novel catalytic packing and then put into a reactive distillation column for continuous reactive distillation of esterification and transesterification to realize the organic combination of the ionic liquid and the reactive distillation technology, achieving good catalytic activity, high product yield, environmental friendliness, and low corrosivity, which has great significance in realizing an environment-friendly process.

Various photocrosslinkable electrochromic polymers are disclosed. The polymers are suitable for an electrochromic layer of an electrochromic device. The polymers are formed with a two-step synthesis method that includes forming a polymer precursor with one or more chromophore blocks, and mixing the polymer precursor with photocrosslinkable monomer units to form the polymer.

The nano-fibre derivative method includes polymerization of 3-methoxthiophene (MOT) monomer on Poly(acrylonitrile co-itaconic acid) matrix and by use of electro-spinning of the produced nano-particulate.

The nano-fibre derivative method includes polymerization of 3-methoxthiophene (MOT) monomer on Poly(acrylonitrile co-itaconic acid) matrix and by use of electro-spinning of the produced nano-particulate.

A water-soluble packaging film according to the present invention is a water-soluble packaging film comprising a polyvinyl alcohol resin, and has, on a film surface, irregularities having a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.3 to 1 m and a maximum height (Rz) of 3 to 9 m.