Disclosed are single step and multi-step methods of making functional polyisobutylene (PIB)-containing oligomers and polymers and the materials made thereby. In the single step method a functional group containing PIB oligomer or polymer is made under cationic polymerization conditions in a direct, one step reaction. In the multi-step method a functional group containing PIB oligomer or polymer is made in a two-step process. The first step is performed under cationic polymerization conditions. The second step is performed under non-cationic polymerization conditions.

This invention relates to a highly functional graft copolymer and a method of preparing the same, and more particularly, to a highly functional graft copolymer including a main chain of a highly elastic ethylene-based terpolymer including, at a predetermined molar ratio, an ethylene unit, an α-olefin unit having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and at least one functional unit selected from the group consisting of divinylbenzene and p-methylstyrene, and a side chain of a polar polymer for imparting functionality, and to a method of preparing the highly functional graft copolymer by performing anionic polymerization after catalytic polymerization using a metallocene catalyst.

The present application relates to an encapsulant for a PV module, a method of manufacturing the same and a PV module. The encapsulant according to an embodiment of the present application has excellent heat resistance or the like and improved creep physical properties, and thus even when the encapsulant is used under conditions of a high temperature and/or high humidity for a long time, deformation is small and the encapsulant can exhibit excellent adhesive strength. Accordingly, when the encapsulant is applied to a PV module, durability or the like may be improved.

The present application relates to an encapsulant for a PV module, a method of manufacturing the same and a PV module. The encapsulant according to an embodiment of the present application has excellent heat resistance or the like and improved creep physical properties, and thus even when the encapsulant is used under conditions of a high temperature and/or high humidity for a long time, deformation is small and the encapsulant can exhibit excellent adhesive strength. Accordingly, when the encapsulant is applied to a PV module, durability or the like may be improved.

An object of the invention is to provide modified polyolefin particles which have a satisfactory amount of grafting and a sufficient molecular weight, are substantially free from gels, and exhibit excellent handleability and workability when shaped or mixed with various resins. The particles include a modified polyolefin obtained by grafting a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a polar functional group in the same molecule to a polymer including one, or two or more α-olefins selected from C.sub.2-18 α-olefins and having a melting point of not less than 50° C. and less than 250° C., the modified polyolefin particles satisfying the following requirements (1) to (3): (1) the amount of grafting x by the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a polar functional group in the same molecule is not less than 0.5 wt % and not more than 20 wt %; (2) the amount of grafting x (wt %) and the intrinsic viscosity [i](dl/g) measured in decalin at 135° C. satisfy the relation: log.sub.10[η]≧0.1−0.15x; and (3) the particles have a gel content of less than 1 wt %.

An object of the invention is to provide modified polyolefin particles which have a satisfactory amount of grafting and a sufficient molecular weight, are substantially free from gels, and exhibit excellent handleability and workability when shaped or mixed with various resins. The particles include a modified polyolefin obtained by grafting a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a polar functional group in the same molecule to a polymer including one, or two or more α-olefins selected from C.sub.2-18 α-olefins and having a melting point of not less than 50° C. and less than 250° C., the modified polyolefin particles satisfying the following requirements (1) to (3): (1) the amount of grafting x by the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a polar functional group in the same molecule is not less than 0.5 wt % and not more than 20 wt %; (2) the amount of grafting x (wt %) and the intrinsic viscosity [i](dl/g) measured in decalin at 135° C. satisfy the relation: log.sub.10[η]≧0.1−0.15x; and (3) the particles have a gel content of less than 1 wt %.

An object of the invention is to provide modified polyolefin particles which have a satisfactory amount of grafting and a sufficient molecular weight, are substantially free from gels, and exhibit excellent handleability and workability when shaped or mixed with various resins. The particles include a modified polyolefin obtained by grafting a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a polar functional group in the same molecule to a polymer including one, or two or more α-olefins selected from C.sub.2-18 α-olefins and having a melting point of not less than 50° C. and less than 250° C., the modified polyolefin particles satisfying the following requirements (1) to (3): (1) the amount of grafting x by the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a polar functional group in the same molecule is not less than 0.5 wt % and not more than 20 wt %; (2) the amount of grafting x (wt %) and the intrinsic viscosity [i](dl/g) measured in decalin at 135° C. satisfy the relation: log.sub.10[η]≧0.1−0.15x; and (3) the particles have a gel content of less than 1 wt %.

Provided is a polyfunctional vinyl aromatic copolymer having reactivity and solubility that can be used for manufacturing a copolymer rubber and a copolymer rubber material having processability, strength and homogeneity obtained therefrom. The polyfunctional vinyl aromatic copolymer includes: 0.5 mol % or more and 40 mol % or less of a structural unit (a) derived from a divinyl aromatic compound and 60 mol % or more and 99.5 mol % or less of a structural unit (b) derived from a monovinyl aromatic compound, in which at least some of the structural units (a) are a crosslinked structural unit (a2) represented by the following Formula (2) and a vinyl-group-containing structural unit (a1) represented by the following Formula (1):

##STR00001##

in the formulas, R.sup.1's independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Provided is a polyfunctional vinyl aromatic copolymer having reactivity and solubility that can be used for manufacturing a copolymer rubber and a copolymer rubber material having processability, strength and homogeneity obtained therefrom. The polyfunctional vinyl aromatic copolymer includes: 0.5 mol % or more and 40 mol % or less of a structural unit (a) derived from a divinyl aromatic compound and 60 mol % or more and 99.5 mol % or less of a structural unit (b) derived from a monovinyl aromatic compound, in which at least some of the structural units (a) are a crosslinked structural unit (a2) represented by the following Formula (2) and a vinyl-group-containing structural unit (a1) represented by the following Formula (1):

##STR00001##

in the formulas, R.sup.1's independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Disclosed are maleic anhydride-grafted cyclic olefin copolymers, methods for preparing maleic anhydride-grafted cyclic olefin copolymers, low temperature methods for laminating anodes comprising the maleic anhydride-grafted cyclic olefin copolymers, and anodes and alkali ion batteries that comprise the maleic anhydride-grafted cyclic olefin copolymers.