The present disclosure can improve durability (particularly, sliding durability) of a surface lubricating layer while maintaining flexibility of a medical instrument. The medical instrument can include: a base whose surface is partially made of a polyester resin; an intermediate layer formed on at least a part of the surface of the base and containing a (meth)acrylic-modified polyester resin and a polyurethane resin; and a surface lubricating layer formed on an upper part of the intermediate layer and containing a block copolymer having a structural unit (A) derived from a hydrophobic monomer and a structural unit (B) derived from a hydrophilic monomer, in which at least one of the hydrophobic monomer and the hydrophilic monomer has a (meth)acryloyl group.

Delivery particles encapsulating oily core materials have a shell material of hybrid poly acrylate and poly(beta-amino esters) (PAC/PBAE). The delivery particles may have a single shell of hybrid PAC/PBAE, dual shells including hybrid PAC/PBAE in an inner shell and PBAE in an outer shell crosslinked to the inner shell, or multiple shells including PAC in an inner shell, hybrid PAC/PBAE in a transitioning shell, and PBAE in an outer shell. Formation of the delivery particles includes polymerization between multifunctional amine and multifunctional acrylate to produce a water soluble PBAE; polymerization between the preformed PBAE prepolymer having free methacrylate moieties reactive with a multifunctional (meth)acrylate in the oil phase, or at an interface of the water and oil phases to produce PAC wall, polymerization between polyacrylate and the amine moiety of PBAE prepolymer to produce hybrid PAC/PBAE delivery particle wall; and polymerization between multifunctional acrylate and primary or secondary amine moiety of the PBAE prepolymer to form a PBAE outer shell.

Delivery particles encapsulating oily core materials have a shell material of hybrid poly acrylate and poly(beta-amino esters) (PAC/PBAE). The delivery particles may have a single shell of hybrid PAC/PBAE, dual shells including hybrid PAC/PBAE in an inner shell and PBAE in an outer shell crosslinked to the inner shell, or multiple shells including PAC in an inner shell, hybrid PAC/PBAE in a transitioning shell, and PBAE in an outer shell. Formation of the delivery particles includes polymerization between multifunctional amine and multifunctional acrylate to produce a water soluble PBAE; polymerization between the preformed PBAE prepolymer having free methacrylate moieties reactive with a multifunctional (meth)acrylate in the oil phase, or at an interface of the water and oil phases to produce PAC wall, polymerization between polyacrylate and the amine moiety of PBAE prepolymer to produce hybrid PAC/PBAE delivery particle wall; and polymerization between multifunctional acrylate and primary or secondary amine moiety of the PBAE prepolymer to form a PBAE outer shell.

The invention relates to the field of preparing biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release composite, in particular to a biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release binary composite urea-formaldehyde/poly(butylene succinate) and a biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release ternary nanocomposite urea-formaldehyde/poly(butylene succinate)/potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The following steps are included: uniformly mixing two components poly(butylene succinate) and methylol-urea or three components poly(butylene succinate), methylol-urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and then extruding the resulting mixture by an extruder, and the biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release composite urea-formaldehyde/poly(butylene succinate) containing nutrient N and the biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release nanocomposite urea-formaldehyde/poly(butylene succinate)/potassium dihydrogen phosphate containing nutrients of N, P and K are obtained respectively. As one of the raw materials, methylol-urea, the precursor of urea-formaldehyde, can react by way of melt polycondensation to form urea-formaldehyde macromolecular chains with different polymerization degrees at high temperature in the extruder, which are dispersed among the PBS macromolecular chains, thereby obtaining the composite UF/PBS of the present invention; and the hindering effect of the molecular segments of urea-formaldehyde and poly(butylene succinate) and the hydrogen bond interaction between the components result in that potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals dissolved in the water produced by the polycondensation reaction are restricted to nanoscale during their precipitation process, so as to prepare nanocomposite UF/PBS/MKP. The prepared composites all have excellent mechanical properties, and can be directly used as a biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release fertilizer, or as a matrix polymer to prepare other types of slow release fertilizers, and the formulae with high PBS contents can also replace PBS to prepare other agricultural implements, such as agricultural films, nursery pots and vegetation nets.

The invention relates to the field of preparing biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release composite, in particular to a biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release binary composite urea-formaldehyde/poly(butylene succinate) and a biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release ternary nanocomposite urea-formaldehyde/poly(butylene succinate)/potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The following steps are included: uniformly mixing two components poly(butylene succinate) and methylol-urea or three components poly(butylene succinate), methylol-urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and then extruding the resulting mixture by an extruder, and the biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release composite urea-formaldehyde/poly(butylene succinate) containing nutrient N and the biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release nanocomposite urea-formaldehyde/poly(butylene succinate)/potassium dihydrogen phosphate containing nutrients of N, P and K are obtained respectively. As one of the raw materials, methylol-urea, the precursor of urea-formaldehyde, can react by way of melt polycondensation to form urea-formaldehyde macromolecular chains with different polymerization degrees at high temperature in the extruder, which are dispersed among the PBS macromolecular chains, thereby obtaining the composite UF/PBS of the present invention; and the hindering effect of the molecular segments of urea-formaldehyde and poly(butylene succinate) and the hydrogen bond interaction between the components result in that potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals dissolved in the water produced by the polycondensation reaction are restricted to nanoscale during their precipitation process, so as to prepare nanocomposite UF/PBS/MKP. The prepared composites all have excellent mechanical properties, and can be directly used as a biodegradable polymer slow/controlled release fertilizer, or as a matrix polymer to prepare other types of slow release fertilizers, and the formulae with high PBS contents can also replace PBS to prepare other agricultural implements, such as agricultural films, nursery pots and vegetation nets.

The present invention provides: a vinyl chloride-based resin emulsion of a polymerization product composed of (A) a polycarbonate urethane oligomer having a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000 and (B) a monomer composition containing a vinyl chloride monomer, wherein the polycarbonate urethane oligomer (A) having a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000 is contained in an amount of 40 to 500 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the monomer composition (B) containing a vinyl chloride monomer; and a method for producing the vinyl chloride-based resin emulsion. The vinyl chloride-based resin emulsion according to the present invention can exhibit excellent water resistance, moisture resistance, high gloss, alcohol resistance, close adhesiveness and film formability at ambient temperature when used in a water-based ink, and can exhibit excellent color developability, water resistance, moisture resistance, color visibility, high gloss and close adhesiveness when used in recording paper, and therefore can be used effectively in a binder for an ink, a coating material and an inorganic substance dispersion, an absorption layer in recording paper, a fiber treating agent, wallpaper in medical facilities and the like.

The present invention provides: a vinyl chloride-based resin emulsion of a polymerization product composed of (A) a polycarbonate urethane oligomer having a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000 and (B) a monomer composition containing a vinyl chloride monomer, wherein the polycarbonate urethane oligomer (A) having a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000 is contained in an amount of 40 to 500 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the monomer composition (B) containing a vinyl chloride monomer; and a method for producing the vinyl chloride-based resin emulsion. The vinyl chloride-based resin emulsion according to the present invention can exhibit excellent water resistance, moisture resistance, high gloss, alcohol resistance, close adhesiveness and film formability at ambient temperature when used in a water-based ink, and can exhibit excellent color developability, water resistance, moisture resistance, color visibility, high gloss and close adhesiveness when used in recording paper, and therefore can be used effectively in a binder for an ink, a coating material and an inorganic substance dispersion, an absorption layer in recording paper, a fiber treating agent, wallpaper in medical facilities and the like.

A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein the toner particle comprises a binder resin, a resin A, and a resin B, the resin A comprises a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group in a molecule, a substituent of the substituted silyl group is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 or more carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, and an aryl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, and the resin B comprises an azo group in a molecule.

A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein the toner particle comprises a binder resin, a resin A, and a resin B, the resin A comprises a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group in a molecule, a substituent of the substituted silyl group is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 or more carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, and an aryl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, and the resin B comprises an azo group in a molecule.

An active energy ray-curable resin composition which is excellently adhesive to a base material, an undercoat agent which is for a metal thin film and includes the resin composition, and a formed material obtained using the undercoat agent for a metal thin film are provided. The active energy ray-curable resin composition includes, as essential components, an alkyd resin (A), an unsaturated bond-containing polymerizable compound (B), a phenolic compound (C) represented by the following structural formula (1) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group), and a photopolymerization initiator (D) having a structural moiety represented by the following structural formula (2) ##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.3's are any of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group and an amino group, wherein two or more of the R.sup.3's may form a ring structure.