Provided is a toner for development of electrostatic images comprising colored resin particles containing a binder resin, a colorant, a charge control agent, and a release agent, wherein the colored resin particles have a storage modulus G′ (60) at 60° C. of 1.0×10.sup.8 to 5.0×10.sup.8 Pa, a storage modulus G′ (100) at 100° C. of 8.0×10.sup.4 to 2.3×10.sup.5 Pa, and a storage modulus G′ (150) at 150° C. of 1.4×10.sup.4 to 3.0×10.sup.4 Pa, these storage moduli being determined by dynamic viscoelastic analysis.

An object of the present invention is to provide an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition by which a pattern having excellent LWR performance can be formed. In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a resist film, a pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device, each relating to the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.

The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of an embodiment of the present invention is an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition including a resin of which polarity increases through decomposition by the action of an acid, and a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, in which the resin has a repeating unit represented by General Formula (1) as a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group, and the compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation includes any one or more of a compound (I) or a compound (II).

Provided are the following compound represented by General Formula (A) or (B), a curable resin composition including the compound, a cured product thereof, an optical member, and a lens:

##STR00001##

A ring Ar.sup.1 and a ring Ar.sup.2 represent an aromatic ring represented by a specific formula or a fused ring thereof, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a specific substituent, and v and w are a specific integer. R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 represent an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Sp.sup.a to Sp.sup.d represent a single bond or a divalent linking group. Pol.sup.1 and Pol.sup.2 represent a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group, in which at least one of Pol.sup.1 or Pol.sup.2 is a polymerizable group. Further, in the formulae, a structure represented by (R.sup.1).sub.v—Ar.sup.1/cyclopentadiene skeleton/Ar.sup.2—(R.sup.2).sub.w is not line-symmetrical.

This invention relates homogeneous (solution) polymerization of propylene at higher temperatures (80° C. or more) using bisindenyl metallocene catalyst compounds having long (at least 4 carbon atoms) linear alkyl groups substituted at the 2-position and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups at the 4-position.

Provided are an adhesive bonding composition for optical use and a multistage curing method thereof, the composition including a methacrylate-based monomer and an acrylate-based monomer, in which a weight ratio of the methacrylate-based monomer to the acrylate-based monomer ranges from about 1:1 to about 1:10.

A resist underlayer film-forming composition for lithography including a copolymer having a structural unit of the following Formula (1) to Formula (3), a crosslinking agent, an organic acid catalyst, and a solvent: ##STR00001##
(wherein R.sup.1s are independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-3 alkylene group, A is a protective group, R.sup.3 is an organic group having a 4-membered ring to 7-membered ring lactone framework, adamantane framework, tricyclodecane framework or norbornane framework, R.sup.4 is a linear, branched or cyclic organic group having a carbon atom number of 1 to 12 in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluoro group and which optionally has at least one hydroxy group as a substituent).

Catalyst systems and methods for making and using the same. A method of polymerizing olefins to produce a polyolefin polymer with a multimodal composition distribution, includes contacting ethylene and a comonomer with a catalyst system. The catalyst system includes a first catalyst compound and a second catalyst compound that are co-supported to form a commonly supported catalyst system. The first catalyst compound includes a compound with the general formula (C.sub.5H.sub.aR.sup.1.sub.b)(C.sub.5H.sub.cR.sup.2.sub.d)HfX.sub.2. The second catalyst compound includes at least one of the following general formulas:

##STR00001##

##STR00002##

In both catalyst systems, the R groups can be independently selected from any number of substituents, including, for example, H, a hydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, or a heteroatom group, among others.

The present invention provides an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a liquid crystal film layer, a display panel and a preparing method thereof. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is characterized in that the mass percent of the vinyl acetate monomeric unit is 20-35% and the number average molecular weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 10,000-100,000. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers of the invention form a network structure and have sheet shape in microscopic morphology, which allow liquid crystal molecules to be anchored in meshes of the network structure and therefore to be induced to orientate in accordance with the arrangement of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, thereby achieving the instant read-in and output of the display information. Particularly, with the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, the adapted orientation of the liquid crystal molecules under the bending state of the display panel is achieved and the instant read-in and output of the display information is realized.

The present disclosure relates to a formaldehyde-free aqueous curable composition comprising: A) a polymer polymerized from a monomer mixture comprising (a) 30-90 wt % of C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl acrylate; (b) 10-60 wt % of vinylaromatics; (c) 0.5-10 wt % of an ethylenically unsaturated compound having at least two carboxylic acid groups; (d) 0-10 wt % of an ethylenically unsaturated acid having one carboxylic acid group; (e) 0-5 wt % of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers; wherein the percentages are based on the total weight of the monomer mixture; and B) a titanium catalyst.

Provided is a lubricating oil composition that includes a major amount of a lubricant base oil and a minor amount of a viscosity index improver comprising a syndiotactic propylene-based ethylene-propylene copolymer comprising: a) 2 to 20% by weight of ethylene, b) 80 to 98% by weight of propylene; c) 50 to 99% of rr triads; and d) Mw (LS) of 10 to 250 kg/mol.