The present invention relates to a method for preparing a bio-based polycarbonate ester, the method comprising the steps of: (1) preparing a compound represented by chemical formula 3 by converting a compound represented by chemical formula 2 into an intermediate reactant having an easily detachable functional group, followed by a nucleophilic reaction with phenol; and (2) preparing a compound including a repeat unit represented by chemical formula 1 by a polycarbonate melt condensation polymerization of the compound represented by chemical formula 3, prepared in step (1), a compound represented by chemical formula 4, and 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitol. The bio-based polycarbonate ester according to the present invention can regulate merits and demerits of physical properties obtained from each repeat unit, and can be favorably used for various uses due to high degrees of transparency and heat resistance thereof.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a bio-based polycarbonate ester, the method comprising the steps of: (1) preparing a compound represented by chemical formula 3 by converting a compound represented by chemical formula 2 into an intermediate reactant having an easily detachable functional group, followed by a nucleophilic reaction with phenol; and (2) preparing a compound including a repeat unit represented by chemical formula 1 by a polycarbonate melt condensation polymerization of the compound represented by chemical formula 3, prepared in step (1), a compound represented by chemical formula 4, and 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitol. The bio-based polycarbonate ester according to the present invention can regulate merits and demerits of physical properties obtained from each repeat unit, and can be favorably used for various uses due to high degrees of transparency and heat resistance thereof.

A process for emulsion polymerization is provided wherein a non-sulfonated polyester as a protective colloid in the process is provided. The non-sulfonated polyester may be an ethoxylated polyester. A product made by such process and a coating containing the product is also provided.

A polymer film can be adjusted to movement or a fine uneven surface of a living body and has excellent ability to adhere to a biological tissue. The polymer film includes a block copolymer having a structure in which branched polyalkylene glycol and polyhydroxyalkanoic acid are bound to each other, wherein the polymer film has a film thickness of 10 to 1000 nm. The branched polyalkylene glycol has at least three terminal hydroxyl groups per molecule, the mass percentage of the branched polyalkylene glycol relative to the total mass of the block copolymer is 1% to 30%, and a value obtained by dividing the average molecular weight of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid in the block copolymer by X that is the number of terminal hydroxyl groups present per a single molecule of the branched polyalkylene glycol is 10000 to 30000.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to biorenewable polyesters and polyester copolymers derived from camphoric acid, methods of making same, and articles comprising same. The disclosed biorenewable polyesters can have a M.sub.n of from about 5,000 Da to about 500,000 Da. Also disclosed herein is the preparation of various monomers useful in the reactions disclosed herein, e.g., cis-1,4-anhydroerythritol and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) camphorate. In various aspects, the disclosed biorenewable polyesters and polyester copolymers can be used to the production of various articles utilizing a conventional polyester or polyester copolymer, that is, to replace, in part or in whole, a conventional non-biorenewable polyester or polyester copolymer. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Polyester polyols, processes for making them, and applications for the polyols are disclosed. In some aspects, the polyols comprise recurring units from a thermoplastic polyester or an aromatic polyacid source, a glycol, and a hydroxy-functional ketal acid, ester or amide. Optionally, the polyols incorporate recurring units of a hydrophobe. The polyols are made in one or multiple steps; in some aspects, the thermoplastic polyester or aromatic polyacid source and the glycol are reacted first, followed by reaction with the hydroxy-functional ketal acid, ester or amide. The resulting polyols have good transparency and little or no particulate settling or phase separation. High-recycle-content polyols having desirable properties and attributes for formulating polyurethane products, including aqueous polyurethane dispersions, flexible and rigid foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers can be made. The polyols provide a sustainable alternative to bio- or petrochemical-based polyols.

Polyester polyols, processes for making them, and applications for the polyols are disclosed. In some aspects, the polyols comprise recurring units from a thermoplastic polyester or an aromatic polyacid source, a glycol, and a hydroxy-functional ketal acid, ester or amide. Optionally, the polyols incorporate recurring units of a hydrophobe. The polyols are made in one or multiple steps; in some aspects, the thermoplastic polyester or aromatic polyacid source and the glycol are reacted first, followed by reaction with the hydroxy-functional ketal acid, ester or amide. The resulting polyols have good transparency and little or no particulate settling or phase separation. High-recycle-content polyols having desirable properties and attributes for formulating polyurethane products, including aqueous polyurethane dispersions, flexible and rigid foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers can be made. The polyols provide a sustainable alternative to bio- or petrochemical-based polyols.

A polyester is formed by reacting a plurality of monomers. The monomers include 7 to 20 parts by mole of (a) aliphatic triol monomer, 40 to 80 parts by mole of (b) first diol monomer, 12 to 40 parts by mole of (c) second diol monomer, and 100 parts by mole of (d) aliphatic diacid monomer or aliphatic anhydride monomer. The (b) first diol monomer has a chemical structure of

##STR00001##

wherein each R.sup.1 is the same. The (c) second diol monomer has a chemical structure of

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.6 is different from R.sup.7.

A polyester is formed by reacting a plurality of monomers. The monomers include 7 to 20 parts by mole of (a) aliphatic triol monomer, 40 to 80 parts by mole of (b) first diol monomer, 12 to 40 parts by mole of (c) second diol monomer, and 100 parts by mole of (d) aliphatic diacid monomer or aliphatic anhydride monomer. The (b) first diol monomer has a chemical structure of

##STR00001##

wherein each R.sup.1 is the same. The (c) second diol monomer has a chemical structure of

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.6 is different from R.sup.7.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a polyester-polyether polyol block copolymer by reaction of an H-functional starter substance with lactone in the presence of a catalyst to afford a polyester followed by reaction of the polyester from step i) with alkylene oxides in the presence of a catalyst (B), wherein the lactone is a 4-membered lactone. The invention further relates to the polyester-polyether polyol block copolymer obtainable by the present process.