A polycarbonate polyfunctional-vinyl ether molecule of formula (I):

##STR00001##

A polycarbonate polyfunctional-vinyl ether molecule of formula (I):

##STR00001##

A flame retardant with which fire retardancy is improved and the fire retardancy is able to be secured stably for a long time is provided. An internal layer 11 containing a polymer and a flame retardant factor layer 12 that is formed outside of the internal layer 11 and that contains a polymer to which at least one of a sulfonate group and a sulfonate base is bonded are included. Thereby, compared to a case that the flame retardant factor layer 12 is not included, moisture is hardly absorbed, and respective particles of the flame retardant are inhibited from being adhered to each other. Accordingly, blocking is inhibited.

A flame retardant with which fire retardancy is improved and the fire retardancy is able to be secured stably for a long time is provided. An internal layer 11 containing a polymer and a flame retardant factor layer 12 that is formed outside of the internal layer 11 and that contains a polymer to which at least one of a sulfonate group and a sulfonate base is bonded are included. Thereby, compared to a case that the flame retardant factor layer 12 is not included, moisture is hardly absorbed, and respective particles of the flame retardant are inhibited from being adhered to each other. Accordingly, blocking is inhibited.

The subject disclosure is directed to functionalized bile acids, preparation thereof, and usage thereof for therapeutic and material applications. In one embodiment, a method of generating functionalized bile acid materials can comprise directly activating a carboxylic acid of a bile acid compound using a coupling agent comprising an amide or ester compound, thereby generating an intermediate bile acid derivative material. The method can further comprise attaching a functional group material to the intermediate bile acid derivative material by reacting the functional group material and the intermediate bile acid derivative material, thereby generating a functionalized bile acid material.

The subject disclosure is directed to functionalized bile acids, preparation thereof, and usage thereof for therapeutic and material applications. In one embodiment, a method of generating functionalized bile acid materials can comprise directly activating a carboxylic acid of a bile acid compound using a coupling agent comprising an amide or ester compound, thereby generating an intermediate bile acid derivative material. The method can further comprise attaching a functional group material to the intermediate bile acid derivative material by reacting the functional group material and the intermediate bile acid derivative material, thereby generating a functionalized bile acid material.

An endcapped polycarbonate, comprising thioether carbonyl endcaps of the formula

##STR00001##

wherein L is a C.sub.1-12 aliphatic or aromatic linking group, and R is a C.sub.1-20 alkyl, C.sub.6-18 aryl, or C.sub.7-24 arylalkylene.

The invention relates to a method for producing polyether carbonate polyols, (i) one or more alkylene oxide(s) and carbon dioxide being added to one or more H-functional starter substance(s) in the presence of a double metal cyanide catalyst or in the presence of a metal complex catalyst based on the metals zinc and/or cobalt, a reaction mixture containing the polyether carbonate polyol being obtained, characterized in that (ii) at least one component K is added to the obtained reaction mixture containing the polyether carbonate polyol, wherein component K is selected from at least one compound that contains a phosphorus-oxygen bond or a compound of phosphorus that can form one or more PO bonds by reaction with OH-functional compounds.

The invention relates to a method for producing polyether carbonate polyols, (i) one or more alkylene oxide(s) and carbon dioxide being added to one or more H-functional starter substance(s) in the presence of a double metal cyanide catalyst or in the presence of a metal complex catalyst based on the metals zinc and/or cobalt, a reaction mixture containing the polyether carbonate polyol being obtained, characterized in that (ii) at least one component K is added to the obtained reaction mixture containing the polyether carbonate polyol, wherein component K is selected from at least one compound that contains a phosphorus-oxygen bond or a compound of phosphorus that can form one or more PO bonds by reaction with OH-functional compounds.

The subject matter of this invention relates to hydrogel compositions and, more particularly, to hydrogel compositions comprising block copolymers (BCPs) capable of self-assembly into nanoparticles for the delivery and controlled release of therapeutic cargos.