External thermal insulation composite systems described herein include a concrete or masonry wall and a multilayer thermal insulation board disposed on the concrete or masonry wall. The multilayer thermal insulation board includes at least one closed cell foam layer comprising polyurethane and polyisocyanurate having an open cell volume of less than 20% by volume according to ASTM D 6226 and at least one open cell foam layer comprising polyurethane and polyisocyanurate having an open cell volume of greater than 80% by volume according to ASTM D 6226.

The invention relates to a polyurea compound that can be produced by reacting a polyisocyanate based on isophorone diisocyanate, which has isocyanurate and allophanate groups, with an amino silane according to general formula (I): R.sup.1.sub.a(R.sup.1O).sub.(3-a)Si(CH.sub.2).sub.nNHCHR.sup.2CH.sub.2COOR.sup.3 (I), wherein the groups R.sup.1 are selected independently from one another from C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.20-aryl, a is a whole number between 0 and 2, n is a whole number between 1 and 4, R.sup.2 is selected from H, C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.12-aryl and COOR.sup.3, and R.sup.3 is a respective C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl. The invention also relates to the use of the compound as a binder for producing coatings.

The invention relates to a polyurea compound that can be produced by reacting a polyisocyanate based on isophorone diisocyanate, which has isocyanurate and allophanate groups, with an amino silane according to general formula (I): R.sup.1.sub.a(R.sup.1O).sub.(3-a)Si(CH.sub.2).sub.nNHCHR.sup.2CH.sub.2COOR.sup.3 (I), wherein the groups R.sup.1 are selected independently from one another from C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.20-aryl, a is a whole number between 0 and 2, n is a whole number between 1 and 4, R.sup.2 is selected from H, C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.12-aryl and COOR.sup.3, and R.sup.3 is a respective C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl. The invention also relates to the use of the compound as a binder for producing coatings.

New polyamide-based, polyurea-based and polyphosphoramide-based polymers have been synthesized. When these polymers are combined with electrolyte salts, such polymer electrolytes have excellent electrochemical stability as anolytes in lithium battery cells.

A polyurethane urea composition and a preparation method thereof are provided. The method includes mixing and reacting an urea and an amine compound to obtain a polyurea oligomer, and mixing and reacting the polyurea oligomer and a cyclic carbonate compound to obtain a polyurethane urea composition having a repeating unit represented by formula I:
R.sup.2U.sup.2U.sup.1U.sup.2R.sup.2, wherein [formula I] U.sup.1 is ##STR00001## a is an integer of 1 to 10000, each U.sup.2 is independently ##STR00002## each R.sup.1 is independently a C1 to C20 alkylene group, a C3 to C20 cycloalkylene group, a C8 to C20 alkylarylene group, a polyether group having a weight-average molecular weight of 100 g/mol to 10000 g/mol, or a combination thereof, and each R.sup.2 is independently an aliphatic group, a cycloaliphatic group, an aromatic group substituted by an alkyl or an unsubstituted aromatic group, an oligo polyether group, an oligo polyester group, or a combination thereof.

A polyurethane urea composition and a preparation method thereof are provided. The method includes mixing and reacting an urea and an amine compound to obtain a polyurea oligomer, and mixing and reacting the polyurea oligomer and a cyclic carbonate compound to obtain a polyurethane urea composition having a repeating unit represented by formula I:
R.sup.2U.sup.2U.sup.1U.sup.2R.sup.2, wherein [formula I] U.sup.1 is ##STR00001## a is an integer of 1 to 10000, each U.sup.2 is independently ##STR00002## each R.sup.1 is independently a C1 to C20 alkylene group, a C3 to C20 cycloalkylene group, a C8 to C20 alkylarylene group, a polyether group having a weight-average molecular weight of 100 g/mol to 10000 g/mol, or a combination thereof, and each R.sup.2 is independently an aliphatic group, a cycloaliphatic group, an aromatic group substituted by an alkyl or an unsubstituted aromatic group, an oligo polyether group, an oligo polyester group, or a combination thereof.

Provided is a composition for forming release layers which comprises (A) a polyurea including a repeating unit represented by formula (1), (B) an acid compound or a salt thereof, (C) a crosslinking agent selected from among compounds having a nitrogen atom substituted by a hydroxyalkyl group and/or an alkoxymethyl group, (D) a polymeric additive including a repeating unit represented by formula (a1), a repeating unit represented by formula (b), and a repeating unit represented by formula (c), and (E) a solvent, wherein the polymeric additive (D) is contained in an amount of 5-100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the polyurea (A).

##STR00001##

(In the formulae, the R.sup.A moieties each are independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.B1 is a branched C.sub.3-4 alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a fluorine atom; R.sup.C is a C.sub.1-10 hydroxyalkyl group; and R.sup.D is a C.sub.6-20 polycycloalkyl group or C.sub.6-12 aryl group.)

A method for identifying and quantifying organic or biochemical substances in a fluid medium using a nanogap sensor is disclosed. A nanogap sensor with two electrodes of different materials is used, a respective probe molecule is bonded to each electrode and the free remainder of the probe molecules have at least one bondable group with specificity to a substance or analyte. The analyte has at least two binding sites and passes selectively out of the fluid medium, binds to the free ends of the probe molecules to form a bridge, modifying the impedance between the electrodes.

The present invention generally relates to various polymer solid electrolyte materials suitable for various electrochemical devices and methods for making or using the same. Certain embodiments of the invention are generally directed to solid electrolytes having relatively high ionic conductivity and/or other mechanical or electrical properties, e.g., tensile strength or decomposition potential. Certain aspects include a polymer, a plasticizer, and an electrolyte salt. In some cases, the polymer may exhibit certain structures such as:

##STR00001##

where R.sub.1 can be one of the following groups:

##STR00002##

where n is an integer between 1 and 10000, m is a integer between 1 and 5000, and R.sub.2 to R.sub.6 can each independently be one of the following structures:

##STR00003##

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated carbonate derivative in a safe and efficient manner. The method for producing a fluorinated carbonate derivative according to the present invention is characterized in comprising irradiating light on a composition containing a C.sub.1-4 halogenated hydrocarbon having one or more kinds of halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, a fluorine-containing compound having a nucleophilic functional group and a base in the presence of oxygen.