The present invention provides a conductive polymer composition which contains (A) a polyaniline-based conductive polymer having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (1), (B) a polyanion, and (C) an amino acid, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.A1 to R.sup.A4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a linear, branched, or cyclic monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom; and R.sup.A1 and R.sup.A2, or R.sup.A3 and R.sup.A4 may be bonded to each other to form a ring. There can be provided a conductive polymer composition that has excellent antistatic performance and applicability, dose not adversely affect a resist, and can be suitably used in lithography using electron beam or the like.

Copolymers having General Formula (I):

##STR00001##

in which R.sup.1 is chosen from divalent C.sub.4-C.sub.7 aliphatic groups and divalent C.sub.4-C.sub.7 heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.6 aliphatic groups, heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, or combinations thereof, where: the divalent C.sub.4-C.sub.7 heteroaliphatic groups include one or two heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, and the maximum number of heteroatoms in R.sup.1 is two; x is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95; and y is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95, where the summation of x and y equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates. The methods include contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I) under conditions suitable for forming the clathrate hydrates.

Copolymers having General Formula (I):

##STR00001##

in which R.sup.1 is chosen from divalent C.sub.4-C.sub.7 aliphatic groups and divalent C.sub.4-C.sub.7 heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.6 aliphatic groups, heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, or combinations thereof, where: the divalent C.sub.4-C.sub.7 heteroaliphatic groups include one or two heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, and the maximum number of heteroatoms in R.sup.1 is two; x is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95; and y is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95, where the summation of x and y equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates. The methods include contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I) under conditions suitable for forming the clathrate hydrates.

The present invention relates to a hybrid nanodot made by a process comprising a step of reacting a mixture of an amino acid and a polymer selected from polycationic polymers or any copolymers or derivatives of these polymers under hydrothermal reaction conditions. The present invention also relates to a process for synthesizing said hybrid nanodots.

The present invention relates to a hybrid nanodot made by a process comprising a step of reacting a mixture of an amino acid and a polymer selected from polycationic polymers or any copolymers or derivatives of these polymers under hydrothermal reaction conditions. The present invention also relates to a process for synthesizing said hybrid nanodots.

The present disclosure provides polyanilines, articles thereof, and methods of forming polyanilines. In at least one aspect, a polyaniline has a thermal stability of about 100° C. or greater, a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from about 50,000 g/mol to about 150,000 g/mol and a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of from about 1 to about 5. In at least one aspect, a film includes a polyaniline, the film having a hydrocarbon content of about 1 wt % or less, based on the total weight of the film. In at least one aspect, a method includes introducing an emulsion of an aqueous solution of an aniline and an alkyl-substituted aryl sulfonic acid having 1 wt % or less of hydrocarbon content into a flow reactor, the flow reactor having a length of tubing having an inner diameter. The method includes polymerizing the monomer within the tube to form a polyaniline.

Provided are: a conductive composition containing a conductive polymer (A) satisfying the below-mentioned condition (i) and a compound (B) having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, and having a pH at 25° C. of a 1 mol/L aqueous solution of no greater than 9.0; a conductive composition that further contains a water-soluble polymer (C) having a hydroxyl group; and a solid electrolytic capacitor having a solid electrolytic layer containing the composition. Condition (i): the volume-average particle size of the smallest particle distribution containing the smallest peak exhibited by the particle size among at least one peak obtained by measuring the particle distribution by means of a dynamic light scattering method using a conductive polymer solution containing 1% by mass of the conductive polymer being less than 26 nm.

The present invention is an antimicrobial agent containing a polyalkyleneimine derivative formed by adding a substituent group having a structure of a following Formula (1) to a nitrogen atom of polyalkyleneimine.

—CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2—O—R.sup.1  (1)

In the formula, R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or —(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.n—R.sup.2. R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms. n represents an integer of 1 to 50.

The present disclosure provides a method for dispersing graphene. The method includes the following steps: providing a graphene material and a graphene dispersant, wherein the graphene dispersant comprises aniline oligomer or aniline oligomer derivative, the aniline oligomer or aniline oligomer derivative is an electroactive polymer, and the aniline oligomer or aniline oligomer derivative is able to combine with the graphene material via π-π bond; and adding the graphene material and the graphene dispersant to a dispersing medium, making the aniline oligomer or aniline oligomer derivative combine with the graphene material via π-π bond, and dispersing the graphene material in the dispersing medium by the graphene dispersant.

Provided is a process for improving the performance of wet-strength resins, such as polyaminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin resins, by treatment with a base to increase molecular weight to provide improved wet strength.