In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method of inhibiting shale formation during water-based drilling of subterranean formations includes introducing a shale inhibitor to the subterranean formation during the water-based drilling, the shale inhibitor comprising a cationic polymer comprising repeating units of [A-B]. A is a substituted benzene or a substituted triazine of formula (2). B is a N-containing heterocycle. The cationic polymer and a method of making the cationic polymer are also described.

A method for detecting or comparing mechanical strength of macro-molecular polymer materials. The detecting method has the steps of measuring the mechanical strength and the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum of each of the plurality of samples to form a curve relationship or function relationship between the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum and the mechanical strength; measuring the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum of the target material, and using the curve relationship or the function relationship to obtain the mechanical strength of the target material. The plurality of samples and the target material are both prepared from a macro-molecular polymer, and the macro-molecular polymer may be composed of disulfonate-difluorobenzophenone, hydroxyindole and difluorobenzophenone as monomers, and the sulfonate groups of the disulfonate-difluorobenzophenone have metal cations. An object of the method is to identify mechanical properties of polymer materials by fluorescence nondestructive detection.

Embodiments may relate to a material to provide electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in an electrical device. The material may include first and second electrically-conductive carbon allotropes. The material may further include an electrically-conductive polymer that is chemically bonded to the first and second electrically-conductive carbon allotropes such that an electrical signal may pass between the first and second electrically-conductive carbon allotropes. Other embodiments may be described or claimed.

A catalyst for the synthesis of oxazolidinones, preferable polyoxazolidinones, comprising an N-heterocyclic carbene and a Lewis acid (L). The invention is also related to a process for the production of an oxazolidinone compound, preferably a polyoxazolidinone compound, by reacting an isocyanate compound, preferably a polyisocyanate compound with an epoxide compound, preferably a polyepoxide compound, in the presence of the N-heterocyclic carbene and a Lewis acid catalyst and also to the resulting polyoxazolidinone.

Polyamines of formula (I), their preparation method and their use in an absorbing solution based on amines in order to selectively eliminate H.sub.2S from a gaseous effluent containing H.sub.2S and CO.sub.2, which polyamines are obtained by a reaction between piperazine and an epihalohydrin or a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol ##STR00001##

A method of stabilizing asphaltenes in a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid is disclosed. The method includes contacting the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid with a polybenzoxazine comprising repeating structural units of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-30 alkyl, a C.sub.3-30 cycloalkyl, a C.sub.6-30 aryl, a C.sub.7-30 alkylarylene, a C.sub.7-30 arylalkyl, a C.sub.5-30 heteroaryl, or a C.sub.3-30 heterocycloalkyl; and R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-30 alkyl, a C.sub.3-30 cycloalkyl, a C.sub.6-30 aryl, a C.sub.7-30 alkylarylene, a C.sub.7-30 arylalkyl, a C.sub.5-30 heteroaryl, or a C.sub.3-30 heterocycloalkyl.

A method of stabilizing asphaltenes in a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid is disclosed. The method includes contacting the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid with a polybenzoxazine comprising repeating structural units of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-30 alkyl, a C.sub.3-30 cycloalkyl, a C.sub.6-30 aryl, a C.sub.7-30 alkylarylene, a C.sub.7-30 arylalkyl, a C.sub.5-30 heteroaryl, or a C.sub.3-30 heterocycloalkyl; and R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-30 alkyl, a C.sub.3-30 cycloalkyl, a C.sub.6-30 aryl, a C.sub.7-30 alkylarylene, a C.sub.7-30 arylalkyl, a C.sub.5-30 heteroaryl, or a C.sub.3-30 heterocycloalkyl.

A triazine ring-containing polymer, having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), in which a peak top molecular weight obtained by gel permeation chromatography is 19,000 or less.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a resin composition which is highly sensitive and exhibits high chemical resistance even in the case of being baked at a low temperature of 250° C. or less and can suppress the generation of outgas after curing. The present invention is a resin composition which contains (a) an alkali-soluble resin containing polyimide, polybenzoxazole, polyamide-imide, a precursor of any one of these compounds and/or a copolymer of these compounds and (b) an alkali-soluble resin having a monovalent or divalent group represented by the following general formula (1) in a structural unit and in which the modification rate of a phenolic hydroxyl group in the alkali-soluble resin (b) is 5% to 50%.

##STR00001##

(In general formula (1), O represents an oxygen atom. R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 20 carbon atoms and may be substituted and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. s and t each independently represent an integer from 0 to 3. Provided that (s+t)≥1. d represents an integer from 0 to 2. u represents an integer from 1 to 2, and * represents a chemical bond.)

The present invention provides a resin composition which is highly sensitive and exhibits high chemical resistance even in the case of being baked at a low temperature of 250° C. or less and can suppress the generation of outgas after curing. The present invention is a resin composition which contains (a) an alkali-soluble resin containing polyimide, polybenzoxazole, polyamide-imide, a precursor of any one of these compounds and/or a copolymer of these compounds and (b) an alkali-soluble resin having a monovalent or divalent group represented by the following general formula (1) in a structural unit and in which the modification rate of a phenolic hydroxyl group in the alkali-soluble resin (b) is 5% to 50%.

##STR00001##

(In general formula (1), O represents an oxygen atom. R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 20 carbon atoms and may be substituted and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. s and t each independently represent an integer from 0 to 3. Provided that (s+t)≥1. d represents an integer from 0 to 2. u represents an integer from 1 to 2, and * represents a chemical bond.)