The present invention relates to a coating composition comprising (A) hydrophobically modified fumed silica particles, (B) one or more compounds of hydrolyzed organosilanes, and (C) a solvent or mixture of solvents. The coating composition may be used to treat substrates such as glass surface to make the substrate surfaces possess valuable properties such as water repellency, dirt repellency and self-cleaning with water.

A coating process includes adding a body to a reactor; adding a metal alkoxide or precursors thereof to the reactor; adding a catalyst for the hydrolysis of the metal alkoxide to the reactor; and coating the surface of the body with a metal oxide-containing coating layer through the hydrolysis and dehydration condensation of the metal alkoxide. The addition of a body precedes at least one of the addition of a metal alkoxide or precursors thereof and the addition of a catalyst.

Described herein is a coating composition comprising: (a) a zwitterionic compound comprising (i) sulfonate-functional groups and (ii) alkoxysilane groups and/or silanol-functional groups; (b) an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis product of an alkoxylsilane, wherein the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis product of an alkoxylsilane comprises at least one (i) (RO)(.sub.4-a)Si(OH).sub.a where R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group and a is an integer from 1 to 4; or (ii) an alkanol silicate acid oligomer; (c) a water-miscible organic solvent; and (d) water, along with articles thereof and methods of making the same.

Described herein is a coating composition comprising: (a) a zwitterionic compound comprising (i) sulfonate-functional groups and (ii) alkoxysilane groups and/or silanol-functional groups; (b) an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis product of an alkoxylsilane, wherein the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis product of an alkoxylsilane comprises at least one (i) (RO)(.sub.4-a)Si(OH).sub.a where R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group and a is an integer from 1 to 4; or (ii) an alkanol silicate acid oligomer; (c) a water-miscible organic solvent; and (d) water, along with articles thereof and methods of making the same.

The present invention relates to a method for producing an ionic liquid-containing structure, including: an inorganic network structure forming step of forming a network structure of an inorganic compound in the presence of an ionic liquid; and a polymer network structure forming step of forming a polymer network structure of a prepolymer and a crosslinking agent in the presence of the ionic liquid.

A silicone resin represented by formula (1) and having a Mw of 1,000-8,000 is useful in cosmetics.
[(C.sub.6H.sub.5).sub.3SiO.sub.1/2].sub.a[R.sup.1.sub.3SiO.sub.1/2].sub.b[R.sup.2.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2].sub.c[R.sup.3SiO.sub.3/2].sub.d[SiO.sub.4/2].sub.e  (1)
R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl group, C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl group (exclusive of phenyl) or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 fluorinated alkyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl group, C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl group or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 fluorinated alkyl group, a=0-0.2, b=0.1-0.5, c=0-0.2, d=0.01-0.5, e=0-0.6, a+b+c+d+e=1.0, at least one phenyl group is included in the molecule. A film of the silicone resin has a refractive index of at least 1.48.

A silicone resin represented by formula (1) and having a Mw of 1,000-8,000 is useful in cosmetics.
[(C.sub.6H.sub.5).sub.3SiO.sub.1/2].sub.a[R.sup.1.sub.3SiO.sub.1/2].sub.b[R.sup.2.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2].sub.c[R.sup.3SiO.sub.3/2].sub.d[SiO.sub.4/2].sub.e  (1)
R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl group, C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl group (exclusive of phenyl) or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 fluorinated alkyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl group, C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl group or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 fluorinated alkyl group, a=0-0.2, b=0.1-0.5, c=0-0.2, d=0.01-0.5, e=0-0.6, a+b+c+d+e=1.0, at least one phenyl group is included in the molecule. A film of the silicone resin has a refractive index of at least 1.48.

Stabilised and aquated polymeric silicate compositions are described in which the compositions are poorly condensed compositions in which the silicates are resorbable and are capable of undergoing efficient dissolution to provide bioavailable soluble silicic acid. In particular, stabilised and aquated polymeric silicates are described that are capable of intravenous delivery, useful in the treatment of cancer or systemic infection, or for topical administration, e.g. in the form of a solid or semi-solid ointment useful in the treatment of wounds or the prevention of bacterial infection.

Stabilised and aquated polymeric silicate compositions are described in which the compositions are poorly condensed compositions in which the silicates are resorbable and are capable of undergoing efficient dissolution to provide bioavailable soluble silicic acid. In particular, stabilised and aquated polymeric silicates are described that are capable of intravenous delivery, useful in the treatment of cancer or systemic infection, or for topical administration, e.g. in the form of a solid or semi-solid ointment useful in the treatment of wounds or the prevention of bacterial infection.

An inorganic oxide particles which have a minute particle diameter at which no interference fringes occur in a coating film and high transparency can be secured even when applied to a high refractive index substrate, and in which excitation by ultraviolet radiation is almost completely suppressed, a coating composition containing such particles, and an optical member having a cured film formed from the coating composition. Inorganic oxide particles obtained by bonding an organosilicon compound having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group to the surface of modified metal oxide colloid particles (C) having an average particle diameter of 2 to 100 nm, which include metal oxide colloid particles (A) having an average primary particle diameter of 2 to 60 nm as nuclei and with the nuclei surface coated with a coating composed of inorganic oxide colloid particles (B) having an average primary particle diameter of 1 to 4 nm.