An alkoxylated bio-oil composition is provided. The alkoxylated bio-oil composition may include an alkoxylated bio-oil prepared from an alkoxylation of dewatered bio-oil. A method for preparing an alkoxylated bio-oil composition is provided. A copolymer composition is provided. The copolymer composition may include an alkoxylated bio-oil copolymer unit. A method for preparing a copolymer composition is provided.

The present disclosure describes a flexible polyurethane foam having suspended within its matrix particles of silicon dioxide, SiO.sub.2. The particles of silicon dioxide are interspersed within the polyurethane matrix and protrude from the surface of the foam. These particles form an abrasive surface and the produced foam finds use as a cleaning material. The foam includes the use of a pre-polymer polyol formed by the reaction of triol polyol having a molecular weight of from 700 to 8000 with a polyisocyanate and a tin catalyst. The produced foam is much more durable than commercially available melamine foams and is an effective cleaning foam.

A polyisocyanurate foam insulation product includes polyisocyanurate foam produced from reacting an isocyanate and a polyol blend having a functionality of at least 2.2. The isocyanate and the polyol blend are reacted so that the polyisocyanurate foam has an isocyanate index equivalent with or greater than 300. The polyisocyanurate foam includes a fire retardant and includes between 0.02 and 0.45 weight percent of a zinc salt compound. The foam insulation board exhibits a flame spread of no greater than 25 and a smoke index of no greater than 50 when exposed to flame conditions in accordance with an ASTM E-84 test.

A chemical-mechanical polishing pad comprising a thermosetting polyurethane polishing layer includes an isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer, a polyamine curative, and a cyclohexanedimethanol curative. The polyamine curative and the cyclohexanedimethanol curative are in a molar ratio of polyamine curative to cyclohexanedimethanol curative in a range from about 20:1 to about 1:1.

An alkoxylated bio-oil composition is provided. The alkoxylated bio-oil composition may include an alkoxylated bio-oil prepared from an alkoxylation of dewatered bio-oil. A method for preparing an alkoxylated bio-oil composition is provided. A copolymer composition is provided. The copolymer composition may include an alkoxylated bio-oil copolymer unit. A method for preparing a copolymer composition is provided.

A spray foam formulation used to form a spray foam insulation layer in a wall structure is described. The formulation may include the reaction product of a polyisocyanate compound and a polyol compound; a fire retardant chosen from at least one of a non-halogenated fire retardant; and a reactive halogen-containing fire retardant, and a carbohydrate. The spray foam insulation layer has an insulative R value of 3.0 to 7.2 per inch, and a density of between about 0.3 to about 4.5 pcf. Further, spray foam insulation made from the spray foam formulation may have fire retardant characteristics that are equivalent to or better than a similar spray insulation foam insulation using non-reactive halogenated fire retardants such as tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP).

Blends, polyol premix compositions, methods of forming such compositions, foamable compositions using the premix compositions, methods of preparing foams containing the premix compositions, and foams made using the premix compositions are described. The polyol premix composition includes a polyester polyol; halogenated olefin blowing agent; and a distribution-enhancing component. In the polyol premix composition, the blowing agent, the polyester polyol, and the distribution-enhancing component form a substantially uniform composition.

Methods are provided for producing bio-oil polyols, alkoxylating bio-oil polyols to provide polyols, and for employing the alkoxylated bio-oil polyols for making polymers or copolymers of polyesters or polyurethanes.

Methods are provided for producing bio-oil polyols, alkoxylating bio-oil polyols to provide polyols, and for employing the alkoxylated bio-oil polyols for making polymers or copolymers of polyesters or polyurethanes.

A covered roof includes a roof deck, an insulation board, and a coverboard. The insulation board includes a polyurethane, a polyisocyanurate, or a mix of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate cellular structure, has a density that is less than 2.5 pounds per cubic foot, and has a first planar surface and a second planar surface, each having a facer positioned adjacent thereto. The coverboard includes a polyurethane, a polyisocyanurate, or a mix of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate cellular structure, has a density greater than about 2.5 pounds per cubic foot and less than 6 pounds per cubic foot, an iso index of at least 175, and a first planar surface and a second planar surface, each having a facer positioned adjacent thereto.