Methods of printing a three-dimensional object using co-reactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for three-dimensional printing are also disclosed.

Methods of printing a three-dimensional object using co-reactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for three-dimensional printing are also disclosed.

A foaming agent comprising organic amine salt compounds of the following general formula A.sup.n [B.sup.m+].sub.p (I) is disclosed, wherein A.sup.n is a CO.sub.2-donating anion with a valence of n, wherein n=1, 2 or 3; each B.sup.m+ comprises: ammonium ion and/or organic amine (B) cation, wherein

[00001]$m=1.Math.\text{-10;}.Math..Math.0<p\frac{n}{m};$

and wherein A.sup.n is one or more selected from following anions: (a) carbamate; (b) carbonate; (c) formate; (d) bicarbonate radical; (e) organic mono carbonate; (f) organic radical multi-carbamate; (g) orthoformate; or (h) organic radical poly-carbonate. The compound of the general formula (I) has at least one of hydroxyalkyl group linked to N atom, i.e., has alkanolamine residue. They can be used as polyurethane foaming agent, polystyrene foaming agent or polyvinyl choride foaming agent.

A thin film that is a result of polyaspartic secondary aliphatic diamines reacted with a low viscosity aliphatic polyisocyanate is provided. A unique feature of the films is the ability to tailor the dry time of this coating. Methods for making the film use a plural component spray machine that has an atomizer and a fluid housing connected to two pressurized and heated component tanks. A polyaspartic ester containing resin and aliphatic polyisocyanate mix through high pressure impingement within the spray machine. A reactant mixture exits the spray machine via the atomizer and forms a film on a surface that is tack free in about 5 minutes.

Methods of printing a three-dimensional object using co-reactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for three-dimensional printing are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a mixture (M) which can be used as curing agent and as adhesion promoter and which comprises at least two components (M1) and (M2), which are different from one another and have in each case independently of one another free and/or blocked isocyanate groups, and which optionally comprises a further component (M3) different from (M1) and (M2); component (M1) comprises at least one aliphatic polyisocyanate, and component (M2) comprises at least one aliphatic polyisocyanate having polyether units, wherein the relative weight ratio of (M1) and (M2) in (M) to one another is in a range from 25:1 to 3:1, based in each case on the solids content of (M1) and (M2), and at least one of the components (M1), (M2), and optionally (M3) present in (M) has hydrolyzable silane groups, to a use of (M) as curing agent and adhesion promoter in a coating composition, to such a coating composition, and to methods for at least partly coating a substrate with a surfacer coat and for at least partly coating a substrate with a multicoat paint system.

Methods of additive manufacture using coreactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for additive manufacturing are also disclosed.

A film forming apparatus includes: a first vaporizer configured to vaporize a first monomer containing isocyanate; a second vaporizer configured to vaporize a second monomer that reacts with the first monomer to form a polymer; a first pipe connected to the first vaporizer; a second pipe connected to the second vaporizer; and a chamber having an internal space for accommodating a substrate, connected to the first pipe and the second pipe, and configured to form a polymer film on the substrate by vapor deposition polymerization using the first monomer and the second monomer. The first vaporizer heats the first monomer to a temperature of 120 degrees C. or less. A pressure inside the first vaporizer is equal to or higher than a pressure in the chamber. A differential pressure between the pressure inside the first vaporizer and the pressure in the chamber is 1 Torr or less.

Durable icephobic materials form anti-ice coatings on a variety of substrates, including for aircraft, powerlines, vehicles, marine structures, communications towers, outdoor equipment, and the like. The icephobic may comprise an elastomeric polymer with a low crosslink density (e.g., 1,300 mol/m3) and low initial ice adhesion strength (e.g., .sub.ice100 kPa prior to exposure to icing conditions). Further, the icephobic material maintains .sub.ice after 10 icing/deicing cycles that is 50% of the initial .sub.ice Introducing optional miscible liquids enhances interfacial slippage of chains in the elastomeric polymer. The low .sub.ice levels minimize ice buildup and eliminate necessary work to remove any accumulated ice via passive removal during normal operation. Other icephobic materials include linear polymers with plasticizers distributed therein or PDMS-silane coatings, both of which are free of any layers of surface liquids. Methods of making such icephobic materials are also provided.

The present invention relates to a coated granular substance, wherein the coating comprises a resin comprising the reaction product of a polyol component and an isocyanate component and cured by the addition of a catalyst, said catalyst comprising a hydroxy group-containing amine compound.

Further, the present invention relates to a process for coating a granular substance, comprising the steps of (a) providing a granular substance; (b) providing a polyol component and an isocyanate component; (c) optionally mixing the polyol component with the isocyanate component; (d) adding the mixture of step (c) or the polyol component and the isocyanate component as individual substances to the provided granular substance and producing a coating on the granular substance; (e) adding a catalyst to cure the coating; (f) optionally repeating steps (d) and (e), wherein the catalyst comprises a hydroxy group-containing amine compound.