A gelatin or a chemically modified product thereof contains 10 to 50% by mass of a high-molecular weight component, and a low-molecular weight component in such an amount that a value obtained by subtracting a low-molecular weight component content from a high-molecular weight component content is greater than or equal to 0% by mass.

A gelatin or a chemically modified product thereof contains 10 to 50% by mass of a high-molecular weight component, and a low-molecular weight component in such an amount that a value obtained by subtracting a low-molecular weight component content from a high-molecular weight component content is greater than or equal to 0% by mass.

The present invention provides implants useful for treating cartilage and/or osteochondral defects that comprise a plurality of scaffolds arranged in a multi-layer stacked configuration, wherein each scaffold comprises a mesh of polymer fibers and wherein the polymer fibers comprise gelatin, a plant-derived protein, e.g., zein protein, or a combination thereof. Methods for repairing a cartilage and/or an osteochondral defect using implants of the invention are also provided.

Therapeutic compositions and/or formulations are provided, comprising: at least one cross-linked protein matrix, wherein the at least one cross-linked protein matrix comprises at least one protein residue and at least one saccharide-containing residue, and methods of producing the same. The cross-linked protein matrix may be derived from cross-linking a full length or substantially full length protein, such as tropoelastin, elastin, albumin, collagen, collagen monomers, immunoglobulins, insulin, and/or derivatives or combinations thereof, with a saccharide containing cross-linking agent, such as a polysaccharide cross-linking agent derived from, for example, hyaluronic acid or a cellulose derivative. The therapeutic compositions may be administered topically or by injection. The present disclosure also provides methods, systems, and/or kits for the preparation and/or formulation of the compositions disclosed herein.

Therapeutic compositions and/or formulations are provided, comprising: at least one cross-linked protein matrix, wherein the at least one cross-linked protein matrix comprises at least one protein residue and at least one saccharide-containing residue, and methods of producing the same. The cross-linked protein matrix may be derived from cross-linking a full length or substantially full length protein, such as tropoelastin, elastin, albumin, collagen, collagen monomers, immunoglobulins, insulin, and/or derivatives or combinations thereof, with a saccharide containing cross-linking agent, such as a polysaccharide cross-linking agent derived from, for example, hyaluronic acid or a cellulose derivative. The therapeutic compositions may be administered topically or by injection. The present disclosure also provides methods, systems, and/or kits for the preparation and/or formulation of the compositions disclosed herein.

Methods for reaction electrospinning are provided to form collagen fibers. The method can include: acidifying a collagen in an acidic solvent to form an acidic collagen solution; electrospinning the acidic collagen solution within an alkaline atmosphere (e.g., including ammonia vapor) to form collagen fibers; and collecting the collagen fibers within a salt bath (e.g., including ammonium sulfate). The acidic solvent can include water and an alcohol, and can have a pH of about 2 to about 4 (e.g., including a strong acid, such as HCl). An albumin rubber is also provided, which can include albumin crosslinked with glutaraldehyde.

Methods for reaction electrospinning are provided to form collagen fibers. The method can include: acidifying a collagen in an acidic solvent to form an acidic collagen solution; electrospinning the acidic collagen solution within an alkaline atmosphere (e.g., including ammonia vapor) to form collagen fibers; and collecting the collagen fibers within a salt bath (e.g., including ammonium sulfate). The acidic solvent can include water and an alcohol, and can have a pH of about 2 to about 4 (e.g., including a strong acid, such as HCl). An albumin rubber is also provided, which can include albumin crosslinked with glutaraldehyde.

The disclosed embodiments include a blend of bison fibers, another fiber, and adhesives. The bison fibers are sheared from a bison, scoured, dehaired, blended with various other fibers and/or compositions, carded, and manufactured into insulation. The bison hairs can be categorized by diameter into one of four categories: prime, drop A, drop B, or drop C. Furthermore, bison fiber can be categorized based on length, coarseness, weight, and/or where on the bison it was sheared from. The insulation can be batted, woven, knit, loose, and/or other similar types. The insulation can be used for garments, outdoor equipment, bedding products, and/or other products. The weight of the insulation can be between 40 grams per square meter and 500 grams per square meter. The bison fiber can be blended with recycled polyester, bison fiber, wool, bast fiber, cellulose fiber, and/or synthetic fiber. The adhesives can be low-melt poly, or resin.

The disclosed embodiments include a blend of bison fibers, another fiber, and adhesives. The bison fibers are sheared from a bison, scoured, dehaired, blended with various other fibers and/or compositions, carded, and manufactured into insulation. The bison hairs can be categorized by diameter into one of four categories: prime, drop A, drop B, or drop C. Furthermore, bison fiber can be categorized based on length, coarseness, weight, and/or where on the bison it was sheared from. The insulation can be batted, woven, knit, loose, and/or other similar types. The insulation can be used for garments, outdoor equipment, bedding products, and/or other products. The weight of the insulation can be between 40 grams per square meter and 500 grams per square meter. The bison fiber can be blended with recycled polyester, bison fiber, wool, bast fiber, cellulose fiber, and/or synthetic fiber. The adhesives can be low-melt poly, or resin.

The invention is directed to a method for producing a composite material comprising a biofabricated material and a secondary component. The secondary component may be a porous material, such as a sheet of paper, cellulose, or fabric that has been coated or otherwise contacted with the biofabricated material. The biofabricated material comprises a uniform network of crosslinked collagen fibrils and provides strength, elasticity and an aesthetic appearance to the composite material.