A solution is prepared that contains (A) a polymer compound that includes at least one of a hydrolyzable polymer compound or a thermally-decomposable polymer compound, (B) an oxoacid-based compound that includes at least one of a phosphate-based compound, a sulfate-based compound, a sulfonate-based compound, or a perchlorate-based compound, and (C) a laminate of layered substances, and the solution is irradiated with at least one of sonic waves or radio waves, or the solution is heated.

A liquid composition that can provide a film having excellent antifogging performance and weather resistance. The liquid composition contains nanocomposite particles. The nanocomposite particles contain metal particles and a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin or a sulfonic acid salt resin thereof. The perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin has an equivalent weight of 550 to 800. The nanocomposite particles have an average particle size of 15 to 100 nm.

Disclosed herein are various cable gel seal arrangements and thermoplastic gels useful therein. The thermoplastic gels are prepared from a composition including a styrene triblock copolymer, a styrene diblock copolymer, an oil extender, and an additive selected from poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), a C9 resin, poly(alpha-methylstyrene), a coumarone-indene resin, and combinations thereof, wherein the additive has a T.sub.g from about 95° C. to about 200° C. The thermoplastic gels advantageously exhibit low compression set.

Provided is a fluorine-containing resin particle dispersion including: fluorine-containing resin particles, a resin which is not dissolved in at least one solvent in a group of hydroxyl group-containing solvents including an alcohol-based solvent having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, containing no aromatic ring in the molecule structure, and a water-based medium, and which is adhered on the surface of the fluorine-containing resin particles, and at least one solvent, in which the resin is not dissolved, in the group of hydroxyl group-containing solvents, in which the fluorine-containing resin particles having the resin adhered on the surface thereof are dispersed.

Provided is a fluorine-containing resin particle dispersion including: fluorine-containing resin particles, a resin which is not dissolved in at least one solvent in a group of hydroxyl group-containing solvents including an alcohol-based solvent having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, containing no aromatic ring in the molecule structure, and a water-based medium, and which is adhered on the surface of the fluorine-containing resin particles, and at least one solvent, in which the resin is not dissolved, in the group of hydroxyl group-containing solvents, in which the fluorine-containing resin particles having the resin adhered on the surface thereof are dispersed.

The present invention is directed to an entity comprising a particle attached to at least one polymer M through one or several supramolecular interactions -A-B- constituted by 2 to 8 hydrogen bonds X-H-Y, wherein A and B are functional groups respectively grafted to P and M thus forming the particle-containing entity P-(A-B-M)x with x being greater than or equal to 1, functional group(s) B being positioned at one end of the polymeric chain of polymer M, X and Y are heteroatoms present in A and B functional groups, H is hydrogen, and M has a degree of polymerization comprised between 5 and 1000, preferably ranging from 5 to 500. The invention is also directed to a method for preparing this particle-containing entity P-(A-B-M).sub.x, a method for sequentially forming and breaking the supramolecular interactions -A-B- in said particle-containing entity P-(A-B-M).sub.x and dispersions comprising the same.

The present invention is directed to an entity comprising a particle attached to at least one polymer M through one or several supramolecular interactions -A-B- constituted by 2 to 8 hydrogen bonds X-H-Y, wherein A and B are functional groups respectively grafted to P and M thus forming the particle-containing entity P-(A-B-M)x with x being greater than or equal to 1, functional group(s) B being positioned at one end of the polymeric chain of polymer M, X and Y are heteroatoms present in A and B functional groups, H is hydrogen, and M has a degree of polymerization comprised between 5 and 1000, preferably ranging from 5 to 500. The invention is also directed to a method for preparing this particle-containing entity P-(A-B-M).sub.x, a method for sequentially forming and breaking the supramolecular interactions -A-B- in said particle-containing entity P-(A-B-M).sub.x and dispersions comprising the same.

A drag reducing composition comprising at least one non-polyalphaolefin polymer having an average particle size in the range of from about 5 to about 800 micrometers. The non-polyalphaolefin polymer can initially be formed via emulsion polymerization. The initial polymer particles can then be at least partially consolidated and then reduced in size and suspended in a carrier fluid. The resulting drag reducing composition can be added to a hydrocarbon-containing fluid to decrease the pressure drop associated with the turbulent flow of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid through a conduit.

A drag reducing composition comprising at least one non-polyalphaolefin polymer having an average particle size in the range of from about 5 to about 800 micrometers. The non-polyalphaolefin polymer can initially be formed via emulsion polymerization. The initial polymer particles can then be at least partially consolidated and then reduced in size and suspended in a carrier fluid. The resulting drag reducing composition can be added to a hydrocarbon-containing fluid to decrease the pressure drop associated with the turbulent flow of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid through a conduit.

Provided are a pickering emulsion including: 0.01-20 wt % of particles having an average particle diameter of 10 nm-100 μm, and 0.01-20 wt % of a non-ionic water-soluble polymer, wherein the particles are positioned on an oil droplet surface, and a method of preparing the same.