The polymer film of the present invention has through holes extending from one principal surface of the polymer film to the other principal surface of the polymer film. The through holes are straight holes having a central axis extending straight, and have a shape in which the area of a cross-section perpendicular to the direction of the central axis increases from the one principal surface of the polymer film toward the other principal surface. This polymer film has passages in its thickness direction, has an unconventional structure, and can be used in various applications, such as in a waterproof sound-permeable membrane, in a waterproof gas-permeable membrane, and in a suction sheet. The ratio a/b of the opening diameter a of the through holes at the one principal surface to the opening diameter b of the through holes at the other principal surface is 80% or is less than 80%.

The polymer film of the present invention has through holes extending from one principal surface of the polymer film to the other principal surface of the polymer film. The through holes are straight holes having a central axis extending straight, and have a shape in which the area of a cross-section perpendicular to the direction of the central axis increases from the one principal surface of the polymer film toward the other principal surface. This polymer film has passages in its thickness direction, has an unconventional structure, and can be used in various applications, such as in a waterproof sound-permeable membrane, in a waterproof gas-permeable membrane, and in a suction sheet. The ratio a/b of the opening diameter a of the through holes at the one principal surface to the opening diameter b of the through holes at the other principal surface is 80% or is less than 80%.

A method of manufacturing a component for an aircraft interior having antimicrobial properties is disclosed. In various embodiments, the method includes applying a reactive quaternary ammonium ion-based compound (“reactive quat”) to an exposed surface of the component.

A polymeric piezoelectric material, comprising at least two regions: a region H, which is an oriented polymeric piezoelectric region that includes an optically active helical chiral polymer (A) having a weight average molecular weight of from 50,000 to 1,000,000, the region H having a crystallinity of from 20% to 80% and having a standardized molecular orientation-of from 3.5 to 15.0; and a region L, which is a low orientation region that includes the optically active helical chiral polymer (A) having a weight average molecular weight of from 50,000 to 1,000,000, the region L being present near at least part of an end portion of the region H, having an average width when viewed from a normal direction with respect to the principal plane of the region H of from 10 μm to 300 μm, and having a retardation is 100 nm or less.

Products, such as devices, prostheses, and materials, whose surfaces have been modified in order to impart beneficial properties to these products are disclosed. The surface-modified products have improved biocompatibility compared to a corresponding product that lacks the modification. Following implantation in a subject, the surface-modified products induce a lower foreign-body response, compared to a corresponding unmodified product.

There is provided with a method for manufacturing a resin product. One embodiment includes performing a modification process on a portion of a surface of the resin product not less than two times by different methods to modify the portion such that a plating metal can be deposited on the portion.

Process for producing a composite material comprising depositing a prepreg containing a radiation initiated curing agent onto a mould using automated apparatus and applying heat and second source radiation to at least partially cure the prepreg at least simultaneously with the deposition of the prepreg. Also epoxy resin formulations of a mixture of a liquid epoxy resin and a solid or semi-solid epoxy resin containing a photoinitiator are used as the matrix in prepregs which are cured or partially cured by radiation to avoid the need for thermal cure in an oven. The formulation is particularly useful in the production of wind turbine blades especially in an automated process. Additionally an automated tape laying apparatus comprising compaction device, a heat source and a second radiation source.

The sound-permeable membrane of the present invention is adapted, when placed over an opening for directing sound to or from a sound transducer, to prevent entry of foreign matters into the sound transducer through the opening while permitting passage of sound, the sound-permeable membrane including a non-porous film or a multilayer membrane including the non-porous film. The non-porous film is formed of oriented polytetrafluoroethylene. This sound-permeable membrane has an unconventional configuration and exhibits various excellent properties. At least one principal surface of the non-porous film may have a region subjected to a surface modification treatment.

The sound-permeable membrane of the present invention is adapted, when placed over an opening for directing sound to or from a sound transducer, to prevent entry of foreign matters into the sound transducer through the opening while permitting passage of sound, the sound-permeable membrane including a non-porous film or a multilayer membrane including the non-porous film. The non-porous film is formed of oriented polytetrafluoroethylene. This sound-permeable membrane has an unconventional configuration and exhibits various excellent properties. At least one principal surface of the non-porous film may have a region subjected to a surface modification treatment.

A polysulfone membrane is modified so that monomers are wafted onto the surface of the membrane. The polysulfone membranes can be grafted by contacting the membrane with a grafting solution and exposing the membrane to electromagnetic radiation, typically within the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. The monomers that are grafted are typically anionic or cationic. The grafted membranes can be used for filtering impurities, such as positively and negatively charged particles, from a liquid. Anionic membranes provide improved filtration of negatively charged impurities, while cationic membranes provide improved filtration of positively charged impurities.